The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of narrow-body medium-range twin-engine jet airliners, carrying 66 to 124 passengers commercially, manufactured by Brazilian aerospace conglomerate Embraer. The aircraft family was first introduced at the Paris Air Show in 1999 and entered production in 2002. The series has been a commercial success primarily due to its ability to efficiently serve lower-demand routes while offering many of the same amenities and features of larger jets. The aircraft is used by mainline and regional airlines around the world but has proven particularly popular with regional airlines in the United States. The 1,400th E-Jet, an E175, was delivered on 6 December 2017, it had a backlog of over 150 firm orders on 30 September 2017.
Video Embraer E-Jet family
Development
Studies on a 70-seat airliner started in 1995. Embraer first disclosed that it was studying a new 70-seat aircraft, which it called the EMB 170, in 1997, concurrently with announcing the development of its ERJ 135. The EMB 170 was to feature a new wing and larger-diameter fuselage mated to the nose and cockpit of the ERJ 145. The proposed derivative would have cost $450 million to develop. While Alenia, Aerospatiale and British Aerospace through AI(R) were studying the Airjet 70 based on the ATR 42/72 fuselage for a 2,200 km (1,200 nmi) range, AI(R) and Embraer were studying a joint development of a 70-seater jet since their separate projects were not yet launched.
In February 1999, Embraer announced it had abandoned the derivative approach in favour of an all-new design. The E-jet family was formally launched at the Paris Air Show on 14 June 1999 as the ERJ-170 and ERJ-190, designations later changed to Embraer 170 and Embraer 190. Launch customers for the aircraft were the French airline Régional Compagnie Aérienne Européenne with ten orders and five options for the E170; and the Swiss airline Crossair with an order for 30 E170s and 30 E190s.
Production of parts to build the prototype and test airframes began in July 2000. The first prototype (PP-XJE) rolled out on October 29, 2001 at São José dos Campos, Brazil. Its first flight occurred 119 days later on February 19, 2002, marking the beginning of a multi-year flight test campaign. The aircraft was displayed to the public in May 2002 at the Regional Airline Association convention. Full production began in 2002, at a new factory built by Embraer at its São José dos Campos base. After several delays in the certification process, the E170 received type certification from the aviation authorities of Brazil, Europe and the United States in February 2004.
After a positive response from the airline community, Embraer launched the E175, which stretched the fuselage of the E170 by 1.78 metres (5.8 ft). The first flight of the E175 took place on June 2003.
E-Jets Second Generation
In November 2011, Embraer announced that it would develop revamped versions of the E-Jet to be called the E-Jet E2 family. The new jets would feature improved engines that would be more fuel efficient and take advantage of new technologies. Beyond the new engines, the E2 family would also feature new wings, improved avionics, and other improvements to the aircraft. The move came amid a period of high global fuel costs and better positions Embraer as competitors introduced new and more fuel efficient jets, including the Mitsubishi Regional Jet.
The new aircraft family also includes a much larger variant, the E195-E2 capable of carrying between 120 and 146 passengers. This jet better positions Embraer against the competing Bombardier CSeries aircraft.
Embraer selected the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G geared turbofan engine to power the E2 family in January 2013. The same engine was previously selected for use on competing aircraft.
The E-Jet E2 family jets are scheduled to enter service in 2018.
Maps Embraer E-Jet family
Design
The Embraer E-Jets line is composed of two main commercial families and a business jet variant. The smaller E170 and E175 make up the base model aircraft. The E190 and E195 are stretched versions, with different engines and larger wing, horizontal stabilizer and landing gear structures. The 170 and 175 share 95% commonality, as do the 190 and 195. The two families share near 89% commonality, with identical fuselage cross-sections and avionics, featuring the Honeywell Primus Epic Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) suite. The E-jets also have winglets to improve efficiency.
All E-Jets use four-abreast seating (2+2) and have a "double-bubble" design, which Embraer developed for its commercial passenger jets, that provides stand-up headroom. The E190/195 series of aircraft have capacities similar to the initial versions of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 737. The E-Jets have turbofan engines designed to reduce noise, which allows them to operate in airports that have strict noise restrictions, such as London City Airport.
Operational history
The first E170s were delivered in the second week of March 2004 to LOT Polish Airlines, followed by Alitalia and US Airways-subsidiary MidAtlantic Airways (launch customer Crossair had in the meantime ceased to exist after its takeover of Swissair; and fellow launch customer Régional Compagnie Aérienne deferred its order, not receiving its first E-jet--an E190LR--until 2006.) LOT operated the first commercial flight of an E-jet on 17 March 2004, from Warsaw to Vienna. The largest single order for any type of E-Jets has come from JetBlue, which ordered 100 Embraer 190s in 2003 and took its first delivery in 2005.
The first E175 was delivered to Air Canada and entered service in July 2005.
The 400th E-jet was delivered in 2008, to Republic Airlines in the U.S. On 6 November of that year, JetBlue set the record for the longest flight of the E-190 family when one of its aircraft made a non-stop flight from Anchorage, Alaska (Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport) to Buffalo, New York (Buffalo Niagara International Airport), a total of 2,694 nmi (4,989 km). This was an empty aircraft on a non-revenue flight. The aircraft eventually returned to JFK after a two-month-long charter service with Vice Presidential candidate Sarah Palin. In September 2009, the 600th E-jet built was delivered to LOT Polish Airlines. Kenya Airways received its 12th Ejet from Embraer which was also the 900th Ejet ever produced on October 10, 2012.
On 13 September 2013, a ceremony was held at the Embraer factory in São José dos Campos to mark the delivery of the 1,000th E-jet family aircraft, an E175, to Republic Airlines. The E175 was delivered in an American Eagle colour scheme with a special "1,000th E-Jet" decal above the cabin windows.
On 14 October 2017, an Airlink Embraer E190-100IGW with 78 passengers aboard inaugurated the first scheduled commercial airline service in history to Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean, arriving at Saint Helena Airport after a flight of about six hours from Johannesburg, South Africa, with a stop at Windhoek, Namibia. The flight began a once-a-week scheduled service by Airlink between Johannesburg and Saint Helena using Embraer 190 aircraft. The inaugural flight was only the second commercial flight to Saint Helena in the island?s history, and the first since a chartered Airlink Avro RJ85 landed at Saint Helena Airport on 3 May 2017.
Variants
E170
The E170 is the smallest aircraft in the E-Jet family and was the first to enter revenue service in March 2004. As of 2017, the E170 is largely out of production. The E170 typically seats around 72 passengers in a typical single class configuration, 66 in a dual class configuration, and up to 78 in a high density configuration. The E170 directly competes with the Bombardier CRJ700 and loosely with the turboprop Bombardier Q400.
The jet is powered with General Electric CF34-8E engines of 14,200 pounds (62.28 kN) thrust each.
E175
The E175 is a slightly stretched version of the E170 and first entered revenue service in July 2005. The E175 typically seats around 78 passengers in a typical single class configuration, 76 in a dual class configuration, and up to 88 in a high density configuration.
The E170 and E175 directly compete with the Bombardier CRJ700 and Bombardier CRJ900, respectively, and loosely compete with the turboprop Bombardier Q400. They also seek to replace the market segment occupied by earlier competing designs such as the BAe 146 and Fokker 70.
Like the E170, the E175 is also powered with General Electric CF34-8E engines of 14,200 pounds (62.28 kN) thrust each.
E175 SC
In late 2017, Embraer announced a new variant called the E175 SC (special configuration). The aircraft is type limited to 70 seats like the E170, but is based on the E175 airframe instead. That configuration allows it to take advantage of the performance improvements made to the E175, but still comply with US airline scope clauses limiting operators to 70 seats. Embraer is marketing the E175 SC as a replacement for the older 70-seat Bombardier CRJ-700, offering better efficiency and the ability to carry more passengers in first class.
E190 and E195
The E190/195 models are a larger stretch of the E170/175 models fitted with a new, larger wing, a larger horizontal stabilizer and a new engine, the GE CF34-10E, rated at 18,500 lb (82.30 kN). These aircraft compete with the Bombardier CRJ-1000 and CS100, the Boeing 717-200 and 737-600, and the Airbus A318. It can carry up to 100 passengers in a two-class configuration or up to 124 in single-class high density configuration.
The first flight of the E190 was on March 12, 2004 (PP-XMA), with the first flight of the E195 (PP-XMJ) on December 7 of the same year. The launch customer of the E190 was New York-based low-cost carrier JetBlue with 100 orders options in 2003 and took its first delivery in 2005. British low-cost carrier Flybe was the first operator of the E195, had 14 orders and 12 options, and started E195 operations on 22 September 2006.
Air Canada operates 25 E190 aircraft fitted with 9 business-class and 88 economy-class seats as part of its primary fleet. JetBlue and American Airlines also operate the E190 as part of their own fleet.
Embraer Lineage 1000
On 2 May 2006, Embraer announced plans for the business jet variant of the E190, the Embraer Lineage 1000 (type name ERJ190-100 ECJ). It has the same structure as the E190, but with an extended range of up to 4,200 nmi, and luxury seating for up to 19. It was certified by the USA Federal Aviation Administration on 7 January 2009. The first two production aircraft were delivered in December 2008.
Undeveloped variants
E195X
Embraer considered producing an aircraft which was known as the E195X, a stretched version of the E195. It would have seated approximately 130 passengers. The E195X was apparently a response to an American Airlines request for an aircraft to replace its McDonnell Douglas MD-80s. Embraer abandoned plans for the 195X in May 2010, following concerns that its range would be too short.
Operators
As of September 2017, the Embraer fleet consists of the following aircraft:
- Embraer 170 (E170 or EMB 170-100)-- 190 Embraer 170 aircraft have been delivered, with 1 additional jet under a firm order. Major operators include: Republic Airline (75), J-Air (17), HOP! (16), Saudia (15), and EgyptAir Express (12).
- Embraer 175 (E175 or EMB 170-200)-- 486 Embraer 175 aircraft have been delivered, with an additional 92 under firm order. Major operators include: Republic Airline (117), SkyWest Airlines (104), Compass Airlines (North America) (56), Mesa Airlines (55), and Sky Regional Airlines (25). Major firm orders include 45 aircraft for SkyWest Airlines and 23 for Horizon Air.
- Embraer 190 (E190 or EMB 190-100)-- 541 Embraer 190 aircraft have been delivered, with an additional 51 under firm order. Major operators include: JetBlue (60), Aeromexico Connect (46), Tianjin Airlines (40), KLM Cityhopper (30), and Austral Lineas Aereas (26). Major firm orders include 24 aircraft for JetBlue.
- Embraer 195 (E195 or EMB 190-200)-- 160 Embraer 195 aircraft have been delivered, with an additional 8 under firm order. Major operators include: Azul Brazilian Airlines (59), Austrian Airlines (17), Air Dolomiti (10), Flybe (9), and LOT Polish Airlines (6). Major firm orders include 6 aircraft for LOT Polish Airlines.
Orders and deliveries
List of Embraer's E-Jet family deliveries and orders:
Source: Embraer's order book as of September 30, 2017.
Accidents and incidents
- On 18 February 2007, Shuttle America Flight 6448 (an E170 operating for Delta Connection) ran off the runway on landing at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, Ohio in poor visibility during a snowstorm. None of the 75 passengers and crew aboard were injured, and the aircraft, while significantly damaged, was repaired and returned to service.
- On 17 July 2007, Aero República Flight 7330 overran the runway while landing at Simón Bolívar International Airport in Santa Marta, Colombia. The E190 slid down an embankment off the side of the runway and came to rest with the nose in shallow water. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair, but all 60 aboard evacuated unharmed.
- On 24 August 2010, Henan Airlines Flight 8387, an E190 that departed from Harbin, People's Republic of China, crash landed about 1 km short of the runway at Yichun Lindu Airport, resulting in 44 deaths.
- On 16 September 2011, an E190 operated by TAME landed long and ran off the end of the runway at Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito, colliding with approach equipment and a brick wall. The crew reportedly failed to adhere to the manufacturer's procedures in the event of a flap malfunction, continuing the approach in spite of the aircraft's condition. Eleven of the 103 aboard received minor injuries, and the aircraft was written off.
- On 29 November 2013, LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470, an E190, crashed in Namibia, killing all 33 aboard (27 passengers, 6 crew members) by the deliberate actions of the pilot. The first officer reportedly left the cockpit to use the bathroom. He was then locked out by the captain, who dramatically reduced the aircraft's altitude and ignored various automated warnings ahead of the high-speed impact.
- On 4 December 2016, SkyWest Airlines flight 5588, an E175 operating as a United Express flight from Houston Intercontinental Airport, TX to Monterrey, Mexico, was diverted to San Antonio, TX after experiencing an abnormal landing gear indication. Upon landing, the nose gear of the aircraft collapsed, and the aircraft came to rest on runway 04. Of the 51 passengers and 4 crew members, only one minor injury was sustained during the evacuation. During recovery of the aircraft, it was discovered that a failed downlock spring on the nose gear had prevented the landing gear from locking in the down position.
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Specifications
See also
- Comparison of commercial aircraft
- Related development
- Embraer Lineage 1000
- Embraer E-Jet E2 family
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Airbus A318 (2003-2013, 107-132 seats)
- Antonov An-148 (2009-, 68-99 seats)
- Boeing 717 (1999-2006, 106-134 seats)
- Boeing 737-600 (1998-2006, 108-130 seats)
- Bombardier CS100 (2017, 108-128 seats)
- Bombardier CRJ700 series (2001-, 66-104 seats)
- Comac ARJ21 (2016-, 78-105 seats)
- Sukhoi Superjet 100 (2011-, 87-108 seats)
- Related lists
- List of jet airliners
- List of civil aircraft
- List of active Brazilian military aircraft
References
Notes
Citations
External links
- Official Embraer E-Jets website
- Embraer E-Jets images on Airliners.net
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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