Nonwoven fabrics are materials such as fabrics made of staple fiber (short) and long (continuously long) fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatments. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are not woven or knitted. Some nonwoven materials do not have sufficient strength unless they are solidified or strengthened with support. In recent years, nonwoven has become an alternative to polyurethane foam.
Video Nonwoven fabric
Apps
Nonwoven fabrics are broadly defined as web sheets or structures that are strung together by involving fibers or filaments (and with film perforations) mechanically, thermally or chemically. They are flat or tufted porous sheets made directly from separate fibers, liquid plastics or plastic films. They are not made with weaving or knitting and do not need to turn fiber into yarn. Typically, certain percentages of recycled fabrics and oil based materials are used in nonwoven fabrics. The percentage of recycled cloth varies based on the strength of the material required for special use. In addition, some nonwoven fabrics can be recycled after use, given appropriate care and facilities. For this reason, some people consider woven fabrics that are more ecological for certain applications, especially in areas and industries where single disposable or single use products are important, such as hospitals, schools, nursing homes and luxury accommodations.
Nonwoven fabrics are fabric fabrics that may have limited life, disposable fabrics or very durable fabrics. Nonwoven fabrics provide specific functions such as absorption, fluid resistance, resistance, stretching, softness, strength, flame retardance, durability, bearing, thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, filtering, used as a barrier to bacteria and infertility. These properties are often combined to create a fabric that is suitable for a particular job, while achieving a good balance between product use and cost. They can mimic the appearance, texture and strength of the woven fabric and can be as large as the thickest pads. In combination with other materials, they provide a spectrum of products with a variety of properties, and are used alone or as components of clothing, home furnishings, health care, engineering, industry, and consumer goods.
Non-woven materials are used in a variety of applications, including:
Medical
- an isolation dress
- surgical dress
- curtains and surgical cover
- surgical mask
- scrub surgical clothing
- close
- medical packaging: porosity allows gas sterilization Gloves
- shoe cover
- toilet tissue
- wound dressing
- drug delivery
Filters
- gasoline, oil and air - including HEPA filtering
- water, coffee, tea bags
- pharmaceutical industry
- mineral processing
- liquid cartridges and filter bags
- vacuum bag
- Allergen membrane or laminate with non woven layer
Geotextiles
Nonwoven geotextile container (sandbag) is used for
- ground stabilizer and road underlayment
- foundation stabilizer
- erosion control
- channel development
- drainage system
- geomembrane protection
- frost protection
- ponds and waterways
- sand infiltration barrier for drainage tiles
- lin liner landfill
They are stronger in dealing with their woven counterparts, and are therefore often preferred in large-scale erosion protection projects such as Amrumbank West; Narrow Neck, Queensland; Kliffende House on the island of Sylt, and Eider Barrage. In the latter case, only 10 bags of 48,000 were damaged despite the installation rate of 700 bags per day high.
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- diaperstock, feminine hygiene, and other absorbent materials
- support carpets, main and secondary
- composite
- maritime screen lamination
- laminate tablecover
- chopped strand mat
- support/stabilizer for embroidery machine
- packing where porosity is needed
- Shopping bag
- isolation (batting fiberglass)
- acoustic insulation for equipment, automotive parts, and wall panels
- pillows, pillows, mattress cores, and cushioning pads
- batting in blankets or blankets
- consumer and medical face masks
- mail envelope
- tarpaulins, tenting and transportation (wood, steel) wrap
- disposable clothing (foot cover, shirt)
- weatherproof packs
- toilet paper
Maps Nonwoven fabric
Manufacturing process
Nonwovens are usually produced by putting small fibers together in sheet or web form (similar to paper on paper machines), and then binding them either mechanically (as in the case of felt, by connecting them with jagged needles such that inter-fiber frriction produce a stronger cloth), with adhesive, or thermal (by applying a binder (in powder, paste, or polymer melt) and melting the binder to the web by increasing the temperature).
Basic Weave
The basic weave is made in 4 steps. The fibers are first spun, cut to within a few centimeters, and put in the bales. The staple fibers are then mixed, "opened" in a multistep process, dispersed on the conveyor belt, and dispersed in a uniform net with wet, air, or carding/overlapping processes. Wetlaid surgery usually uses 0.25-0.75 in (0.64-1.91 cm) long fibers, but sometimes longer if the fibers are stiff or thick. Airlaid treatment generally uses 0.5-4.0 in (1.3-10.2 cm) fiber. Carding operations usually use ~ 1.5 "(3.8 cm) long fibers Rayon is used to become ordinary woven fibers, now heavily replaced by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene Wet Fiberglass to mat for use in roofs and shingles Wet synthetic fiber wet with cellulose for disposable fabrics, the woven fabric is either thermally bonded or by use of resin, the bond may be all over the web with resin saturation or whole thermal bonding or in different patterns through resin printing or thermal place bonds with staple fibers usually referring to a combination by blowing melt, often used in high-end textile insulation.
Melt-blown
The melted fabric is produced by extrusion of melted polymer fibers through a net or die consisting of up to 40 holes per inch to form a long, stretched and cooled long fiber by passing hot air over the fibers as it falls from the dice. The resulting web is collected into the scroll and then converted into the finished product. Very fine fibers (usually polypropylene) are different from other extrusions, especially spunbonds, because they have low intrinsic strength but much smaller sizes offer the key properties. Frequently melted blown is added to the spinning bond to form a SM or web SMS, which is powerful and offers intrinsic benefits from fine fibers such as fine filtration, low pressure drops such as those used in facial masks or filters and physical benefits such as acoustic insulation such as those used in washing machines plate. One of the largest users of SM and SMS material is disposable diapers and feminine care industries.
nonwoven Spunlaid
Spunlaid, also called spunbond, nonwoven is made in one continuous process. The fibers are spun and then directly dispersed into the web by deflectors or can be directed by airflow. This technique leads to faster belt speeds, and lower cost. Several variants of this concept are available, such as REICOFIL engine. PP spunbond runs faster and at lower temperatures than spunbond PET, largely due to melting point difference
Spunbond has been combined with a melt-blown woven, adapting it into a plated product called SMS (spun-melt-spun). The melted fabric has a very fine fiber diameter but is not a strong cloth. The SMS fabric, made entirely from PP is waterproof and smooth enough to be used as a disposable cloth. Melt-blown is often used as a filter medium, capable of capturing very fine particles. Spunlaid bound by resin or thermal. Regarding Spunlaid bonding, Rieter has launched a new generation of woven fabric called Spunjet. In fact, Spunjet is a spunlaid filament bond thanks to hydroentanglement.
Flashspun
The flashspun fabric is made by spraying the dissolved resin into a chamber, where the solvent evaporates.
Airless paper
Paper placed in the air are materials such as textiles that are categorized as nonwoven fabrics made of wood pulp. Unlike the usual paper making process, the paper placed in the air does not use water as a carrier medium for fibers. The fibers are carried and formed into the paper structure through the air.
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Nonwoven fabrics can also be started with film and fibrillate, jagged or vacuum forming them with patterned holes. Fiberglass weave is of two basic types. Wet pad or "glass network" using wet-chipped thick fibers chopped in the diameter range of 6 to 20 micrometers. The attenuated mat or "batts" use discontinuous denier fibers in the range of 0.1 to 6. The latter is similar, albeit running at much higher temperatures, for melt-blown thermoplastic wool. Wet pads are almost always wet resin bonded with curtain coater, while batts are usually spray bonded with wet or dry resin. Unusual processes produce polyethylene fibrils in Freon-like fluids, shaping them into paper-like products and then making them to make Tyvek.
Bond
Both basic and spunlaid fabrics will not have mechanical resistance in and of themselves, without binding steps. Some methods can be used:
- thermal bond
- use of hot sealer
- use a large oven to heal
- calendering through a heated roll (called a spunbond when combined with a spunlaid net), the dating can be shown smoothly for the whole bond or patterned for a finer and tear-proof bond
- hydro-winding: mechanical fiber intertwining by a water jet (called a spunlace)
- ultrasonic bonding pattern: used on insulation or high wire blanket/insulation/blanket
- needlepunching/needlefelting: mechanical fiber interlacing by needle
- chemical bonds (wet processes): use of binders (such as latex emulsions or polymer solutions) to chemically join fibers. More expensive routes use a softening or melting fiber or powder to hold fibers that do not melt together
- One type of staple woven cotton is treated with sodium hydroxide to shrink the mat, caustic bonding causes cellulose based fibers to curl and shrink each other as a bonding technique
- an unusual polyamide (Cerex) bonded itself with a gas phase acid
- melts: the fibers are bound because the attenuated fiber of the air attaches to themselves during the simultaneous fiber and web formation.
Disposability
The industry has sought to define "flushability". They encourage voluntary testing of flushability by manufacturers. They also encourage clear marking of products that can not be flushable as "No Flush" (rather than a fine print at the bottom of the product) including creating a "No Flush" logo.
The wastewater industry encourages standard (not varying with each manufacturer) definition of durability, including dispersibility, and third party judgment or verification, such as by NSF International. They believe that the product should be safe both for sewage systems and disposal (each can be drained and dispersed). The Orange County Sanitation District has created a campaign, "What 2 Flush", which recommends only watering "three P's - pee, dirt and [toilet] paper".
See also
- Disposable towel
References
External links
- Nonwoven Association (EDANA: Europe)
- Nonwoven Fabrics Industry Association (INDA: AS)
- Nonwoven Industry News, Conference Reports, and Consultations
- Non-Woven In Filtration - An Overview | Types of Filtration | Filtration Scope
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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