train or railcar (American and Canadian English), railway train or railway carriage (Language English English and UIC), also called the train cars or train wagons , are vehicles used to carry cargo or passengers on a railway transport system (train/train). Cars like that, when combined together and transported by one or more locomotives, form a train. Alternatively, some passenger cars move on their own in this case they can be either a single train or some units.
The term " car " is generally used by itself in American English when the context of a rail is implicit. Indian English sometimes uses " bogie " in the same way, though the term has other meanings in other English variants. In American English, "railcar" is a generic term for railroad vehicles; in other countries "railcar" refers specifically to railroad vehicles, self-propelled, powered.
Although some cars exist for the use of the railway itself - for the purpose of track maintenance, for example - most carry the burden of passenger or goods revenues, and can be classified accordingly as a passenger car or trainer in one hand or car wagon (or ) on the other hand.
Video Railroad car
Passenger car
Passenger cars, or coaches, vary in their internal fixtures:
In standard-sized cars, seating is usually configured into ranges between three and five seats in the width of the car, with a passageway in between (so setting 2 1, 2 2 or 3 2 seats) or on the sides. Tables can be provided between seats facing each other. Alternatively, a chair facing in the same direction may have access to a fold ledge behind the seat in front.
- If the hall is between the seats, the row of seats can be facing in the same direction, or grouped, with the twin rows facing each other.
- In some vehicles intended for commuting services, the seat is positioned with the back to the side wall, either on one side or more common in both, facing each other across the hall. It provides wide access and allows space for passengers standing at peak times, as well as improving loading and unloading speed.
- If the hall is on the side, the car is usually divided into small compartments. It usually contains six seats, though sometimes in their second class it contains eight, and sometimes in their first class it contains four.
Passenger cars can take power supplies for heating and lighting equipment from one of the two main sources: directly from a head power generator in a locomotive via a bus cable, or with a shaft-powered generator that continuously charges the battery each time the train is moving.
Modern cars usually have air conditioners or windows that can be opened (sometimes, for safety, not as far as can be hung), or sometimes both. A wide range of onboard toilet train facilities can also be provided.
Other types of passenger cars exist, especially for long trips, such as dining cars, salon cars, disco cars, and in rare cases in theaters and movie theaters. In some cases, other types of cars are temporarily changed to one for an event.
The observer car was built to the rear of many famous trains to allow passengers to see the sights. It proved popular, leading to the development of multiple dome cars that can be placed in the center of the carriage, and featuring a glass-enclosed top level that extends over the normal roof to give passengers a better view.
Sleeping cars equipped with small (generally) bedrooms allow passengers to sleep through their night trips, while couchette cars provide more basic bed accommodations. Long-distance trains often require luggage for passenger luggage. In European practice it used to be for day coaches to be formed 6 or 8 passenger seat compartments, with access from side corridors. In England, the Corridor trainers fell into dislike in the 1960s and 1970s partly because open coaches were considered safer by women traveling alone.
Another difference is between single and double deck train cars. An example of a double decker is the Amtrak superliner.
A "trainset" (or "set") is a semi-permanent car formation, rather than one made "ad hoc" from any available car. It's just broken down and tidied back in the warehouse (in the maintenance depot). Trains then built from one or more of these 'sets' are combined together as needed for the carriage's capacity.
Often, but not always, passenger cars on trains are connected together with flexible closed track connections where passengers and crew can walk. Some designs incorporate semi-permanent connections between cars and may have full width connections, effectively making them a long and articulated 'car'. In North America, passenger cars also use fast couplings to keep the train together in case of disruption or other accidents.
Many multi-unit trains consist of semi-permanent cars incorporated into sets: these sets can be incorporated to form larger trains, but generally passengers can only move between cars in a set. This "closed" arrangement keeps traveling parties and suitcases together, and thus allows separate devices to be easily separated to be separated. Some multi-unit trainsets are designed so that corridor connections can be easily opened between coupled sets; this generally requires a good driving taxi set to the side or (as in Dutch Koploper or Japanese series 285) above the passenger compartment. The drive cabin or trailer is also useful for reversing trains quickly.
Maps Railroad car
Cargo car
Type of freight car
Two main lines of all aluminum passenger cars are on display at the 1933-35 Chicago World Expo by Pullman Company. Aluminum freighcars have a net-to-tare ratio that is higher than 4.9 compared to traditional steel-based carriages, which has 3.65.
Non-revenue cars
Military car
Military armored trains use some special types of cars:
Mobile missile system
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union fielded a number of trains that served as mobile missile silos. The train carries missiles and everything needed to be launched, and continues to move around the rail network to make them hard to find and destroy in the first attack. The same rail system was proposed in the United States for LGM-30 Minuteman in the 1960s, and Peacekeepers Rail Rail Garrison in the 1980s, but not deployed. First RBS Strategic Air Force Reserve Evaluation RBS "Express" is deploying from Barksdale Air Force Base with a radar bomb-making unit installed in military railway cars with support equipment, to assess simulations of thermonuclear bombing of cities in the continent of the United States.
ICBM-based trains do offer some advantages over missiles in fixed silos, namely that enemies can never be sure where they are - or, more precisely, where they all are at a given moment. But as the 2014 RAND study shows, train and truck launchers have their weaknesses. Maintaining missiles on trains is more difficult than in silos, while rail and road lines can be blocked by snow, which tends to limit ICBM rail to warmer climates. In addition, since there are only a few railroad and highway lines in an area, enemy surveillance can focus on several areas. And, once found, missiles move more susceptibly than ICBM in a hardened silo.
See also
Note
Quote
Further reading
- Matthias N. Forney (1974) [1879]. Railroad Car Dictionary . Dover, Inc. Publications
- White, John H. (1978). The American Railroad Passenger Car . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 0801819652. OCLCÃ, 2798188.
- White, John H. Jr. (1993). The American Railroad Freight Car: From the Wood-Car Era to Coming of Steel . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBNÃ, 0-8018-4404-5. OCLCÃ, 26130632.
External links
- List of railway cars by country (in French)
- History of Ralston Steel Car Company, Columbus, Ohio
- Paquette Railway Solutions, dealing with rolling stock and power
- The US Air Force Guard Car G-50 Command Command Strategic Command Car, rebuilt from the Army Army's 1943 family car # 8750. Be photographed in Portola, California at the Western Pacific Railroad Museum.
- Peacekeeper Rail Garrison Car.
- Guide to Railcars
dead link ] - Manufacture of train cars
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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