spinning wheel is a tool for turning yarn or yarn from natural or synthetic fibers. The spinning wheel was first used in India, between 500 and 1000 C. Rotating engines, such as rotating jenny and spinning frame, replaced the spinning wheel during the Industrial Revolution.
Video Spinning wheel
Histori
Spinning wheel found in India, between 500 and 1000 CE The most obvious illustrations of spinning wheels come from Baghdad (taken in 1234), Chinese ( c. 1270) and Europe ( c. > 1280), and there is evidence that spinning wheels have begun to be used in China and the Islamic world during the eleventh century. In France, spindles and distaffs were not moved until the mid-18th century.
Spinning Wheel replaces previous spinning method with spindle. The first stage in the mechanization of the process is to install the spindle horizontally so that it can be rotated with a rope that circles the large wheel driven by the hand. The large wheel is an example of this type, in which the fibers are held in the left hand and the wheel slowly turns to the right. Holding the fiber at a slight angle to the spindle produces the necessary twist. The spun yarn is then wrapped around the spindle by moving it to form a right angle with the spindle. This type of wheel, known in Europe in the 14th century, was not used in general until later. The construction of the Great Wheel makes it very good at creating long-drawn downy wool, but it is very difficult to create the strong fine yarn needed to make the warp for weaving. The spinning wheel eventually did not develop the ability to spin the various threads until the early nineteenth century and the mechanization of spinning.
In general, spinning technology is known for a long time before it was adopted by the majority of people, thus making it difficult to fix the repair date. In 1533, a citizen of Brunswick was said to have added a treadle, where the spinner could rotate its axis with one leg and have both hands spinning freely. Leonardo da Vinci drew a leaflet, which wrapped a string before turning it to the spindle. During the 16th century, pedal wheels with leaflets were commonly used, and got names such as Saxony wheels and flax wheels. It speeds up production, because one does not have to stop spinning to end the thread.
On the eve of the Industrial Revolution it takes at least five spinners to supply one weaver. Lewis Paul and John Wyatt first worked on the problem in 1738, patented the Roller Spinning machine and the flyer-and-coil system, to draw the wool up to a more evenly thickness. By using two sets of rollers that run at different speeds, the threads can be twisted and rotated quickly and efficiently. However, they do not have much financial success. In 1771, Richard Arkwright used a water mill to drive a loom for the production of cotton cloth, his invention becoming known as a water frame.
More modern spinning machines use mechanical tools to rotate the shaft, as well as automated methods to pull fiber, and devices to work many spindles together at previously unattainable speeds. New technologies that offer faster yarn production include friction spinning, open-end systems, and air jets.
Maps Spinning wheel
Type
Many types of spinning wheels exist, including large wheels also known as walking wheels or wool wheels for spinning long spinning fast spun yarns; the flax wheel, which is a double drive wheel used with the distaff for linen spinning; saxony and erect wheels, treadle-driven treadle wheels are used to rotate woolen yarns and wool yarns; and charkha , originally from Asia. Until the reception of spinning rotor wheels, all the yarns are produced by aligning the fibers through drawing techniques and then rotating the fibers together. With the spinning rotor, the fibers in roving are separated, then opened, and then wrapped and twisted as the yarn is pulled out of the rotor cup.
Charkha
The charkha table or floor is one of the oldest forms of spinning wheel. Charkha works with large wheels, with a hand-driven wheel, while the thread spins out from the tip of the spindle. The floors of charkhas and large wheels are very similar to each other. With both, the spinning must stop to wrap the thread into the spindle.
The word charkha , which has links with Persia ???: charKh, wheel, is related to the word "circle". Charkha is a tool and symbol of India's independence movement. The charkha, small, portable, hand-cranked wheel, is ideal for spinning cotton and fine fibers, short-staple, although it can be used to rotate other fibers as well. The size varies, ranging from harsh novels to the size of a briefcase, to a floor charkha. Mahatma Gandhi brought charkhas to be more widely used with his teachings. He hoped that charkha would help the Indians achieve independence and independence, and therefore use charkha as a symbol of the Indian independence movement and incorporate it in the early version of the Indian Flag.
Big wheel
The large wheels are one of the earlier spinning wheel types. The fiber is held in the left hand and the wheel slowly turns right. This wheel is very good for using a long spinning technique, which requires only one hand active at all times, thus freeing the hand to spin the wheel. Large wheels are typically used for spinning short staple fibers (these include cotton and wool), and can only be used with suitable fiber preparations for long spinning.
Large wheels are usually more than 5 feet (1.5 m) in height. The large moving wheel converts much smaller spindle assemblies, with spindles rotating repeatedly for each rotation of the drive wheel. The yarn is spun at an angle from the tip of the spindle, and then stored on the spindle. To start spinning on large wheels, first a leader (the length of the waste thread) is tied to the base of the spindle and spins to the end. Then the spinner overlaps a handful of fibers with the leader, holding both gently along with his left hand, and starts slowly turning the steering wheel clockwise with his right hand, as he walks backwards and pulls the fiber in the left hand from the spindle at an angle. The left hand should control the tension on the wool to produce a uniform result. Once a sufficient number of threads has been created, the spinner spins the wheel backwards at a short distance to loosen the spiral on the spindle, then turn it clockwise again, and the newly created thread wind to the spindle, finish the wind with a spiral back to the other end to make another draw.
Pedal wheel
The wheel of this type is supported by the foot of the spinner not the hand or the motor. The spinner sits down and pumps a foot treadle that spins the drive wheel through the crankshaft and connecting rod. This leaves both hands free to make up the fiber, which is required in the short drawing technique, which is often used on these types of wheels. The ancient pointed spindle spindle is not a common feature of the pedal wheel. In contrast, most modern wheels use a flyer-and-coil system that twists threads and winds to spool simultaneously. This wheel can be single or double-pedal; which is a matter of preference and does not affect the operation of the wheel.
Double drive
The double drive wheel is named after the moving tape, which rotates around the spinner wheel twice. The moving tape transforms the leaflet, which is a piece of horse-shaped shoe around the coil, as well as the coil. Due to the difference in the size of the circle (the round or pulley cuts in which the drive band is running), whorl coils, which have a smaller radius than the flyer circle, change slightly faster. So both the flyer and the bobbin spin to twist the thread, and the difference in speed constantly twists the thread to the spindle. Generally the speed difference or "ratio" is adjusted to the size of the circle and the tension of the driving tape.
The actuating rods on double drive wheels are generally made of stretchy yarns or yarns; candlewick is also used.
One drive
One drive wheel has one flywheel drive band and flyer, and a short tension band that just runs over the coil. The tension band adds the amount of drag that can be adjusted to the coil and thereby increases the strength of the yarn.
If the tension band is very tight and the coil can not rotate at all, the thread will be carried onto the coil by constantly rotating the leaflets at a rate of one pack per leaflet revolution. In practice, the tension is arranged in such a way that the coil can slip, but with some resistance, resulting in a differential rate of rotation between the leaflet and the coil. This pull is the style that wraps the new thread into the coil.
While spinners create new threads, coils and leaflets change in unison, driven by a single propulsion tape. When the spinner enters the thread into the coil, the resistance on the flyer slows down and thus the thread rotates. The tighter the strain, the more tensile the thread is, the more friction it has to overcome to synchronize with the flyer.
Straighten style
When the spindle or flyer is located above the wheel, not to one side, the wheels are said to be upright wheels. These types of wheels are often more compact, making them easier to store. Some erect wheels are even made folded small enough to fit in the luggage at the airport. The Irish castle wheel is the upright type in which the leaflets are located under the steering wheel.
Electric spinning wheel
Spinning wheels or e-spinners are powered by electric motors rather than through a treadle. Some require power while others may be powered by low voltage sources, such as rechargeable batteries. Most e-spinners are small and portable.
One appeal of an e-spinner is that it does not need to coordinate treadling by handling the fiber (drafting), so it's generally easier to learn to spin on an e-spinner than the traditional pedal-style spinning wheel. E-spinners are also suitable for spinners who have difficulty in doing treadling for various reasons.
E-spinners represent the evolution of the tools used in spinning crafts, similar to what happens in sewing, quilting, woodworking, and other crafts.
Importance
The spinning wheel increases the productivity of yarn making by a factor greater than 10. The medieval historian Lynn White praised the spinning wheel by increasing the supply of fabric, which led to cheap paper, which is a factor in the development of printing.
Culture
Everywhere the spinning wheel has led to inclusion in art, literature and other expressions of many cultures around the world, and in the case of South Asia it has become a powerful political symbol.
Political Symbolism
Beginning in 1931, the traditional spinning wheel became a major symbol on the flag of the Provisional Government of India Merdeka.
How to dress and Mahatma Gandhi's commitment to spinning hands is an important element of his philosophy and politics. He chose traditional loinclies as a rejection of Western culture and symbolic identification with the poor in India. His personal choice became a powerful political movement when he urged his more privileged followers to imitate his example and throw away - or even burn - their European style clothes and return with pride in their ancient and pre-colonial culture. Gandhi claims that traditional spun yarn also has material advantages, as it will create the basis for economic independence and the possibility of survival for poor Indian rural areas. This commitment to traditional cloth making is also part of a larger swadeshi movement, aimed at boycotting all British goods. When Gandhi explained to Charlie Chaplin in 1931, the return of the spinning did not mean a rejection of all modern technology but the exploitative and controlling economic and political system in which textile manufacturing had become entangled. Gandhi said, "The machines of the past have made us dependent on the British, and the only way we can free ourselves from dependence is by boycotting all the stuff the machines make, which is why we have made it the patriotic duty of every Indian to spin. his own cotton and his own weave. "
Literature and folklore
The Golden Spinning Wheel (ZlatÃÆ'½ kolovrat) is a Czech poem by Karel JaromÃÆ'r Erben included in his classic collection of folk ballads, Kytice.
Another folklore combining a rotating wheel is the classic fairy tale
Perhaps surprisingly, traditional spindles do not have sharp edges that can pierce a person's finger (unlike wheel runs, often used for wool spinning). Nevertheless, the narrative notion remains that Sleeping Beauty or Briar Rose or Dornrosen stabbed his finger on a spindle - a tool he had never seen before, since they had been banned from the kingdom in an unlucky attempt to prevent the cursing of evil demons.
Walt Disney incorporated Saxony or hemp wheels in their animated versions of the Perrault story and Rose stabbed his finger on the distaff (which held the plant fibers waiting to be turned). Only spindles are used in the ballet Tchaikovsky The Sleeping Beauty which is closer to the direct translation of the French "un fuseau". The rotating wheel is also an integral part of the plot or characterization in the Scottish Habitrot folklore and The Three Spinners German story. and The Twelve Huntsmen
Louisa May Alcott, the most famous author of Little Women , writes a short collection of stories entitled Spinning-Wheel Stories , which is not about a spinning wheel but intended to be read while engaging in a rather boring action using a rotating wheel.
Music
Classic and symphonic
In 1814, Franz Schubert composed "Gretchen am Spinnrade", a person who lied to the piano and sound based on a poem from Goethe's Faust . The piano part describes Gretchen's anxiety as he spins on a rotating wheel while waiting in the window for his love again.
AntonÃÆ'n Dvo? The Golden Spinning Wheel, a symphonic poem based on people's ballads from Kytice by Karel JaromÃÆ'r Erben.
Camille Saint-SaÃÆ'¡ns writes Le Rouet d'Omphale , a symphonic poem in A major, Op. 31, the musical treatment of the classic tales of Omphale and Heracles.
A favorite piano work for students is Albert Ellmenreich Spinnleidchen (Spinning Song) , from his 1863 Musikalische Genrebilder , Op. 14. An ostinato repeats a melody symbolizing a spinning wheel.
Folk and ballads
The Spinning Wheel is also the title/subject of the classic Irish folk song by John Francis Waller.
An Irish traditional song, TÃÆ'ºirne MhÃÆ'¡ire , is generally sung as a compliment to the spinning wheel, but is considered by Ny. Costelloe, who collects it, as "deeply damaged", and may have a darker narration. It was widely taught in high school in Ireland.
Sun Charkhe In Mithi Mithi Kook is a Sufi song in Punjabi language inspired by traditional spinning wheel. This is an ode by a lover as he remembers his lover with the voice of each of his Charkha rounds.
Opera
Rotating wheels also appear prominently in Wagner opera The Flying Dutchman ; The second action starts with the local girls sitting on their wheels and singing about the rotating action.
Art
The spinning wheel can be found as a motif in art around the world, from its status as a domestic/utilitarian item to its symbolic role (as in India, where they may have political implications).
See also
- Ashoka Chakra
- Spindle (textile)
- Weasels
- Spin (textile)
- Play jenny
Note
Quote
External links
- Spinning wheel demonstration (Video)
- Rotating wheel demonstration (video)
- Detail free plan for making wooden spinning wheel
- Info at the hand spinning wheel
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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