IBM produced magnetic disk storage devices from 1956 to 2003, when it sold hard disk drive business to Hitachi. Both hard disk drives (HDDs) and floppy disk drives (FDD) were created by IBM and therefore IBM employees are responsible for many innovations in their products and technologies. The basic mechanical arrangement of hard disk drives has not changed since IBM 1301. The performance and characteristics of disk drives are measured by the same standards now as in the 1950s. Some products in history have enjoyed spectacular price and size reductions along with dramatic increases in capacity and performance.
IBM produced an 8-inch floppy disk drive from 1969 until the mid-1980s, but did not become a significant manufacturer of smaller, 5.25 or 3.5 inch floppy disk drives (dimensions refer to the diameter of the floppy disk, not the drive size). IBM always offered magnetic disk drives for sale but did not offer them with original equipment manufacturer (OEM) provisions until 1981. Until 1996, IBM had stopped creating unique hard disk drives for its systems and offered all of its HDDs as original equipment manufacturers (OEMs ).
IBM uses many terms to describe its various magnetic disk drives, such as direct-access storage devices, disk files, and floppy files. Here, the current industry standard terms, hard disk drive and floppy disk drive , are used.
Video History of IBM magnetic disk drives
HDD IBM Awal
IBM 350
The IBM 350 disk storage unit, the first disk drive, was announced by IBM as a component of the IBM 305 RAMAC computer system on September 13, 1956. Simultaneously a very similar product, the IBM 355, was announced for the IBM 650 RAMAC system. RAMAC is short for "Random Access Methods of Accounting and Control." The first engineering prototype 350 disk storage was delivered to the Zellerbach Paper Company, San Francisco CA, in June 1956, with production shipments commencing in November 1957 with unit shipments to United Airlines in Denver CO.
The design is motivated by the need for real time accounting in business. The 350 stores 5 million 6-bit characters (3.75 MB). It has fifty 24-inch (610 mm) diameter discs with 100 recording surfaces. Each surface has 100 songs. Disk rotates at 1200 rpm. Data transfer rate is 8,800 characters per second. The access mechanism moves a pair of heads up and down to select the disk pair (one surface down and one surface up) and enter and exit to select the recording track of the surface pair. Several enhanced models were added in the 1950s. The IBM RAMAC 305 system with 350 disk storage is leased for $ 3,200 per month. 350 was officially withdrawn in 1969.
US. Patent 3,503,060 of the RAMAC program is generally considered to be a fundamental patent for disk drives. The first hard disk was initially canceled by the IBM Board of Directors because of its threat to IBM's punch card business but the continued development of IBM San Jose's laboratory until the project was approved by the IBM president.
The 350 cabinet is 60Ã, inch (152Ã, cm) long, 68º high, inches (172Ã, cm) and 29Ã, inches (74Ã, cm) wide.
RAMAC units weigh about one ton, must be driven by forklifts, and often transported by large cargo aircraft. According to Currie Munce, research vice president for Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (which acquired IBM's storage business), the storage capacity of the drive may have increased beyond five million characters, but IBM's marketing department at the time was opposed to larger capacity because they did not know how selling products with more storage. Nonetheless, the dual capacity version of 350 was announced in January 1959 and shipped in the same year.
In 1984, RAMAC 350 Disk Files was designated an International Historic Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. In 2002, the Magnetic Disk Heritage Center began recovering IBM 350 RAM in collaboration with Santa Clara University. In 2005, the RAMAC restoration project was transferred to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California and is now shown publicly in the museum's Revolution exhibition.
IBM 353
The IBM 353, used on the IBM 7030, is similar to IBM 1301, but with faster transfer rates. It has a capacity of 2,097,152 (2 21 ) 64-bit words or 134,217,728 (2 27 ) bits and it transfers 125,000 words per second. A prototype unit shipped in the late 1960s was the first disk drive to use one head per surface flying on a compressed air layer as in the older head design of the IBM 350 disk storage (RAMAC). Production 353 using a self-flying head is essentially the same as that of 1301.
IBM 355
The IBM 355 was announced on September 14, 1956 in addition to the popular IBM 650. It uses the IBM 350 mechanism with three access arms and stores 6 million decimal digits. Data is transferred to and from IBM 653 magnetic core memory, the IBM 650 option which holds only sixty words of 10 digits, sufficient for one disk sector or tape data.
IBM 1405
The IBM 1405 Disk Storage Unit was announced in 1961 and is designed for use with the IBM 1400 series, medium-sized business computers. Model 1405 1 has a storage capacity of 10 million alphanumeric characters (60,000,000 bits) on 25 disks. Model 2 has a storage capacity of 20 million alphanumeric characters (120 million bits) on 50 disks. In both models the disk is stacked vertically on a rotating shaft at 1200 rpm.
Each side of each disk has 200 tracks divided into 5 sectors. Sector 0-4 is on the top surface and 5-9 is at the bottom surface. Each sector has 178 or 200 characters. One to three branched access arms each contain two read-write heads, one for the top of the disc and the other for the bottom of the same disc. The access arm is mounted on the train next to the disk array. During the search operation, an access arm moves, under electronic control, vertically to search disk 00-49 and then horizontally to search for 00-199 tracks. Ten sectors are available on each track. it takes about 10 ms to read or write a sector.
Access time ranges from 100ms to the maximum access time for model 2 of 800ms and 700ms for model 1. The 1405 model 2 disk storage unit has 100,000 sectors that contain either 200 characters in Move Mode or 178 characters in Load Mode, which adds Word Mark bit to every character. Model 1 contains 50,000 Sectors.
IBM 7300
The IBM 7300 Disk Storage Unit is designed for use with IBM 7070; IBM announced the model 2 in 1959, but when IBM announced 1301 on June 5, 1961, 7070 and 7074 customers found it to be more attractive than 7300. The 7300 uses the same technology as IBM 350, IBM 355 and IBM 1405
IBM 1301
The IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit was announced on June 2, 1961. It was designed for use with IBM 7000 and IBM 1410 mainframe computers. 1301 stores 28 million characters (168,000,000 bits) in one module (25 million characters by 1410). Each module has 20 large disks and 40 recording surfaces, with 250 tracks per surface. 1301 Model 1 has one module, Model 2 has two modules, stacked vertically. Disk rotates at 1800 rpm. Data is transferred at 90,000 characters per second.
Major advances over the IBM 350 and IBM 1405 were the use of separate arms and heads for each recording surface, with all the arms moving in and out together like a large comb. This eliminates the time it takes for the arm to pull the head out of one disk and move up or down to a new disc. Finding the desired path is also faster because, with the new design, the head will usually be somewhere in the center of the disc, not starting at the outer edge. Maximum access time is reduced to 180 milliseconds.
1301 is the first disk drive that uses an aerodynamically designed head to fly over the disk surface on a thin layer of air. This allows them to get closer to the recording surface, which greatly improves performance.
The 1301 is connected to a computer via IBM 7631 File Control. Different models of 7631 allow 1301 for use with 1410 or 7000 series computers or shared between 7000 and 1410 or between two 7000's.
The IBM 1301 Model 1 is leased for $ 2,100 per month or can be purchased for $ 115,500. The price for Model 2 is $ 3,500 per month or $ 185,000 for purchase. The IBM 7631 controller costs $ 1,185 per month or $ 56,000 to buy. All models were withdrawn in 1970.
IBM 1302
The IBM 1302 Disk Storage Unit was introduced in September 1963. Increased recording quadrupled capacity exceeding 1301, to 117 million 6-bit characters per module. Average access time is 165 ms and data can be transferred at 180 K characters/second, more than double the speed of 1301. The second arm accesses a separate group of 250 tracks. As with 1301, there is a Model 2 with twice the capacity. The IBM 1302 Model 1 is leased for $ 5,600 per month or can be purchased for $ 252,000. The price for Model 2 is $ 7,900 per month or $ 355,500 for purchase. The IBM 7631 controller costs $ 1,185 per month or $ 56,000 to buy. The 1302 was withdrawn in February 1965.
IBM 1311
The IBM 1311 Disk Storage Drive was announced on October 11, 1962 and is designed for use with some medium-sized business and scientific computers. The 1311 is about the size and shape of a top-loading washing machine and stored 2 million characters (12,000,000 bits) on a removable IBM 1316 disc pack. Seven models from 1311 were introduced during the 1960s. They were withdrawn in the early 1970s.
Each IBM 1316 Disk Pack has a height of 4 inches (100 mm), weighs 10 pounds (4.5 kg) and contains six disks of 14-inch diameter (360 mm), which produces 10 recording surfaces (outer surface is not used). 10 individual read/write heads are mounted on a common actuator in a drive disk that moves in and out hydraulically and are mechanically held in the desired path before reading or writing occurs. Disk rotates at 1500 rpm. Each recording surface has 100 tracks with 20 sectors per track. Each sector stores 100 characters. The disc package is covered with a clear plastic shell and a bottom cover when not in use. The lifter handle in the top center of the cover is rotated to release the bottom cover. Then the top of the 1311 drive is opened and the plastic shell is lowered into the disc drive opening (assuming it is empty). The handle is rotated again to lock the disc in place and release the plastic shell, which is then removed and the drive cover is closed. This process is reversed to remove the disk pack. The same method is used for many disk packs later on.
There are seven 1311 disk drive models:
- Must be drive 1 on IBM 1440, IBM 1460, or IBM 1240 systems. Contains controllers and can control up to four Model 2 drives. Introduced October 11, 1962. Pulled February 8, 1971.
- Slave drive. It could have a special feature inserted that the master drive (drive 1) has been merged. Introduced October 11, 1962. Drawn January 6, 1975.
- Must be drive 1 on IBM 1620 or IBM 1710 systems. Contains controllers and can control up to three Model 2 drives. Does not support any special features. Introduced October 11, 1962. Pulled May 12, 1971.
- Must be drive 1 on IBM 1401. The system contains a controller and can control up to four Model 2 drives. Introduced October 11, 1962. Pulled February 8, 1971.
- Must be drive 1 on IBM 1410, IBM 7010 or IBM 7740 systems. Contains controllers and can control up to four Model 2 drives. Direct Seek is standard on this model. Introduced January 7, 1963. Pulled May 12, 1971.
- No information is available, maybe the master drive (drive 1). Introduced March 5, 1968. Pulled February 2, 1971.
- No information is available, maybe the master drive (drive 1). Introduced March 5, 1968. Pulled February 2, 1971.
Optional special features are:
- Direct Seek: Without this option, every search returns to track zero first.
- Scan Disk: Automatic quick search for identifiers or conditions.
- Find Overlapping: Allows attempts to overlap ONE read or write and a host of other searches.
- Track Record: Increase disk capacity by writing ONE big notes per track instead of using sector.
Drive 1 (master drive: models 1, 3, 4, and 5) is approximately one foot wider than the other drive (slave drive: model 2), to accommodate additional power supplies and control logic. IBM IBM System/360 and other IBM mainframe HDD
IBM 2302
The IBM 2302 is a System/360 version of 1302, with a track format corresponding to the S/360 DASD architecture rather than the 7000 series architecture. It's attached to the IBM mainframe via the 2841 Storage Control Unit.
IBM 2305
IBM 2305 fixed head storage (fixed disk head drive sometimes incorrectly called drum) and associated IBM 2835 Storage Control were announced in 1970, initially to connect to 360/85 and 360/195 using the IBM 2880 Block Multiplexor Channel.
Drive 2305 is in great demand when System 370 offers Virtual Storage, and 2305 is often used for paging devices. They are used in this way at 3155/65, 3158/68, 3033, 4341, and 3081 (with special feature codes.) 2305 is also used for small high activity data sets such as catalogs and job queues.
The 2305-1 runs at 3.0 MB/sec when installed using a 2-byte channel interface, and a larger 2305-2 runs at 1.5 MB/sec.
2305 provides large-scale IBM computers with fast and sustainable access to small amounts of information. High capacity and data rate make it ideal for multiple residential system functions, work files, work queues, indexes and data sets used repeatedly. Its fast response time makes it attractive as a paging device in a highly charged system (where there are 1.5 or more transactions per second).
IBM 2311
The IBM 2311 Disk Storage Drive was introduced with 2841 Control Units in 1964 for use across IBM/360 Systems; the combination is also available on IBM 1130 and IBM 1800. Drives are also directly connected to IBM System/360 Model 20. All drives use the IBM 1316 Disk Pack that was introduced with IBM 1311.
2311 Model 1 is attached to IBM mainframe through 2841 Control Unit) with its disk pack written in IBM Data Hit Hit Data Record Format. Model 2311 11 or 12 is used when connected directly to the integrated Control System/Model 360 20 and disk packs written with a fixed sector format. Disk packages can not be exchanged between those listed in Model 1 and those written in Models 11 or 12.
The 2311 mechanism is mostly identical to 1311, but recording improvements allow higher data density. 2311 stores 7.25 megabytes on a single removable single-disc IBM 1316 package (the same type used on IBM 1311) consisting of six rotating platter as a unit. The 2311 has ten individual read/write (R/W) heads mounted on a common actuator that moves in and out hydraulically and is mechanically retained in the desired path before reading or writing occurs. Each recording surface has 200 tracks plus three optional tracks that can be used as an alternative if a damaged track is found. The average search time is 85 ms. The data transfer rate is 156 kB/s.
Because the 2311 will be used with a variety of computers in a 360 product line, its electrical interconnections are standardized. This created an opportunity for other manufacturers to sell compatible disk drives for use with IBM computers and the entire industry was born.
IBM 2314/2319
IBM 2314
The Accessibility Disk Access Facility of IBM 2314 was introduced on April 22, 1965, one year after the introduction of System/360. It was used with System/360 and System/370 lines. With the Two Channel Switch feature, it can interact with two 360/370 channels. The 2314 Disk Access mechanism is similar to 2311, but further recording improvements allow for higher data density. The 2314 saved 29,176,000 characters (200ÃÆ'â € "20ÃÆ'â €" 7294 bytes per track) on similar removable IBM 2316 disc packs in 1316 design but higher as a result of the increasing number of discs from six to eleven. 2316 disc packs containing 14-inch diameter disks (360 mm) resulted in 20 recording surfaces. The drive access consists of 20 individual R/W heads mounted on a hydraulically and mechanically transferred internal actuator held in the desired path before reading or writing occurs. Each recording surface has 200 tracks. The initial access time is equal to 2311, but the later models are faster as a result of improvements made in hydraulic actuators. Data transfer speed doubled to 310 kB/s.
The original Model 1 consists of 2314 control units, 2312 single drive modules, and two 2313 four drive modules for a total of nine disk drives bundled together at one price. Drive is installed in an unlocked individual drawer and pulled out to access the disk pack. Because of their appearance, they earned the nickname "Pizza Ovens". Only eight drives out of nine are available for the computer at a time. The ninth drive is available for backup for users and can also be done "offline" by a Field Technician while other drives are used by customers. Each drive system address is determined in part by a user-switched plug, one of the plugs that shows the system's inaccessible backup drive. This allows physically changing the drive address by changing the plug.
The 2844 Control Unit can be added to the 2314 Control Unit which allows two S/360 Simultaneous access lines to two separate disk drives in the Storage Facility.
Another 2314 model came later:
IBM 2318
- The 2318 dual drive module was announced as part of an original product separation that enables attachments from one to nine drives to the unbundled Model A1414 Storage Unit.
IBM 2319
- In response to competition from compatible plug manufacturers from 2314 equivalent storage subsystems, IBM began in 1970 introducing a series of 2319s three-module drive at low prices produced by removing one module from four 2313 drive modules, rebranding- as A1 2319 and offer it at a much reduced rental price. This has the effect of lowering rental rates to new customers while maintaining high rental rates on existing customers. The 2319-A1 attaches to the integrated controller only for Systems/370 Models 135 and 145. Conventional 2314 DASDs such as 2312 or 2318 can attach to 2319-A1
- 2319 B A series of three disk drive modules enables three, six or nine drive attachments to the new Model B Storage Control Unit 2.314.
IBM 3310
IBM introduced the IBM 3310 Direct Access Storage Device on January 30, 1979 for the IBM 4331 midrange computer. Each drive had a capacity of 64.5MB. 3310 is a fixed block architecture device, used on DOS/VSE and VM, the only S/370 operating system that supports FBA devices.
IBM 3330
IBM 3330 Direct Storage Facility, codenamed Merlin , was introduced in June 1970 for use with IBM/370 Systems and IBM 360/195 Systems. Its removable disk pack keeps 100Ã,¼, MB (404ÃÆ'â € "19ÃÆ'â €" 13,030 bytes) (1973 Model 11 displays the IBM 3336-11 Disk Packs storing 200Ã,® MB (808x19x13,030 bytes)). Access time is 30 ms and data transfer at 806 kB/s. The major advances introduced with the 3330 are the use of error correction, which makes the drive more reliable and reduces costs because minor imperfections on the disk surface can be tolerated. Circuits can fix errors that burst up to 11 long bits through the use of Fire codes.
IBM 3333
3333-1 and 3333-11 contain two 3330 type drives and controllers connected to the type controller control Until three additional 3330 types of DASD (six drives) can then be attached to 3333.
3330 was withdrawn in 1983.
IBM 3340
IBM 3340 Direct Storage Facility, codenamed Winchester , was introduced in March 1973 for use with IBM System/370. Three models were announced, 3340-A2 with two drives and a controller, a B2 model (two drives) and B1 (one drive). B-units can connect to A2 models up to a maximum of eight drives.
It uses removable data modules including head and arm assembly; door access module open or close during the mechanical loading/unloading process to connect the data module to the drive; unlike previous disk and cartridge packages, there is no cover to be removed during the insertion process. Access time is 25 milliseconds and data transfer at 885 kB/s. Three versions of the removable IBM 3348 Data Module are sold, one with 35 megabytes of capacity, another with 70 megabytes, the third also has 70 megabytes, of which 500 kilobytes are accessible with a fixed head for faster access. The 3340 also uses error correction. It was withdrawn in 1984.
3340 was developed in San Jose under the leadership of Ken Haughton. At the beginning of the design focused on two removable 30 megabyte modules. Due to this 30/30 configuration, the code name Winchester was selected after the famous Winchester 30-30 rifle; after which capacity is increased, but the code name is stuck.
The most significant aspect of this product, and the reason that disk drives are commonly known as "Winchester technology", is that this is IBM's first drive not to disassemble the heads of the media. Winchester technology allows the head to land and take off from disk media as the disk spins up and down. This results in significant savings and a substantial reduction in the complexity of the head and arm movement mechanisms. It is quickly becoming the standard design in the disk-making community.
The terms Winchester or Winnie are used for hard disk drives in general for some time after the introduction of 3340, but are no longer used generally in most parts of the world..
IBM 3350
Direct Direct Storage Facility The IBM 3350, codenamed Madrid , was introduced in 1975 for use with IBM System/370. The removable head-disk assembly (HDAs) was sealed and included head and arm assembly. The 3350 disk geometry is 555 cylinders, 30 heads, and 19069 bytes per track which gives each HDA storage capacity of 317,498,850 bytes. The sealed HDA is standard practice on all IBM DASD afterwards.
The disk units are identified as Models A2, A2F, B2, B2F, C2, and C2F with each model containing two HDAs. Models are installed in string units with required A2 or A2F units and attached to storage controls such as the IBM 3830 Model 2 or equivalent unified storage control of the system unit. After A2 can be up to 3 units B2 or up to 2 B2s and C2. Unit C2 is also connected to storage control and serves as a secondary line for itself and units A2 and B2. When using C2, two I/O operations can simultaneously occur on the string, one through A2 and one second through C2. 3350 valid strings are: -A, -AB, -ABB, -ABBB, -AC-, -ABC-, or -ABBC- configuration.
The "x2F", as in Model A2F, the unit is a normal x2 unit, but the two HDAs also have a Fixed Head area above the first five cylinders, thus reducing the zero search time for these five cylinders. The fixed head area is intended to be allocated to the frequently accessed HASP or JES2 inspection area and thereby greatly reduces head movement on SPOOL devices. The fixed head area can also be used for TSO swap data (MVT and SVS) and swap system data (MVS) where swap data for SVS and MVS consists of existing page blocks in memory when address space is selected for swap-in outside; the pages need not be adjacent and generally do not include pages that have not been modified since the last page. This system architecture greatly enhances the switch context between TSO users or batch territories.
The IBM 3350 family was withdrawn in September 1994.
IBM 3370 and 3375
IBM 3370
IBM introduced the IBM 3370 Direct Access Storage Device in January 1979 for the IBM 4331, 4341, and mid-range System/38 computers. It has seven fixed 14-inch (360 mm) disks, and each unit has a 571 MB capacity. It was the first HDD to use thin-headed film technology; research on the technology began at Thomas J. Watson Research Center in the late 1960s. 3370 is a fixed block architecture device, used on DOS/VSE and VM, the only S/370 operating system that supports FBA devices.
IBM 3375
The sister unit is called 3375 and uses the key data architecture, which is required for OS/360 and replacement OS.
IBM 3380
The IBM 3380 Direct Access Storage Device was introduced in June 1980. It uses a head of film technology and has a unit capacity of 2.52 gigabytes (two hard disk units each with two independent actuators each accessing 630 MB in one chassis) with data transfer rates at 3 megabytes per second. Average access time is 16 ms. The purchase price at the time of introduction ranged from $ 81,000 to $ 142,200. Due to the tribal issues faced between the head and the media, the first unit was not delivered until October 1981.
In February 1985 IBM announced a dual density version - The Extended Capability Model of 3380 (3380 E) had 5.04 gigabytes per chassis, that is, two 1.26 gigabytes of actuators on two hard disk assemblies in one chassis.
A three-capacity version, the 3380 K announced in August 1987 had 7,562 gigabytes per chassis, that is, two 1.89 gigabytes of actuators on two hard disk assemblies in one chassis.
There are twelve models of the IBM 3380 family: six A units, five B units and one unit C. A-unit (head string) contains additional logic to perform string control functions and connect to IBM directors or equivalent integrated attachments. The C-unit is connected to an IBM channel rather than a director. B-unit connected to A-unit or C-unit. String 3380 with 16 actuators can deliver from 10.08 gigabytes to 60.5 gigabytes, depending on the model configuration.
The last models drawn by IBM in May 1996 represented a 15-year production process; run longer than most disk drives
IBM 3390
The IBM 3390 Direct Access Storage Device series was introduced November 1989, offering maximum storage up to 22 gigabytes in multiple drive sequences. The cost of storage systems varies according to configuration and capacity, between $ 90,000 and $ 795,000.
Packaged in Hard Disk Assemblies with 2 actuator heads and a set of dishes, the 1 HDA model provides 1.89 GB before formatting and model 2 provides 3.78 GB/HDA. Improved Model 3 for drive family, announced September 11, 1991, capacity increase 1.5 times to 5.67 GB/HDA and Model 9, announced May 20, 1993, further capacity increase 3 times to 11.3 GB/HDA, with total 34 GB in one cabinet, or 544 GB per storage subsystem.
3390 Model 9 is the latest Large Large Expensive Disk (sometimes called SLEDs) drives announced by IBM.
IBM 9340 and 9345
IBM 9345
9345 HDD was first delivered in November 1990 as an RPQ on IBM SCSE (SuperComputing Systems Extensions). Developed in IBM's San Jose, California laboratory under the code name Sawmill. It is up to 1.5 GB full 5 × inch inch HDD using up to 8 130 mm discs. It was the first HDD to use MR head (Magneto Resistive).
IBM 9340
In October 1991, DASD 9345 was announced as part of the DASD family data group DASD installed IBM 9340, which is connected to IBM mainframe including the ES/9000 processor family. The 9345 DASD Model 1 has two 1.0 GB HDDs while Model 2 has two 1.5 GB HDD.
For most practical applications, the 9340/9345 is functionally equivalent to 3990/3390, albeit without a non-volatile RAM cache of 3990 and with a maximum block length somewhat shorter than 3390.
The iOS OS component learns the characteristics of this device through a dedicated initializer, IECCINIT, which also serves other types of DASD devices, and for the same purpose. It was at the time of the OS-initialization that 9340 did not have a non-volatile cache and 9345 had a shorter track capacity than expected. The initializer, therefore, sets different device types from 3990/3390.
9330 family disk drive
- 9331 Unit Diskettes 1 and 11 contain an 8-inch FDD while models 2 and 12 contain a 5-inch FDD.
- 9332 Storage Device Direct Access using IBM 0667 HDD.
- The 9333 High Drive Disk Drive Subsystem uses IBM 0664 or IBM 0681 HDD depending on the subsystem model
- 9334 Disk Expansion Unit [Specified]
- 9335 Direct Access Subsystem This HDD Storage used in this subsystem is developed under the code name "Kestrel" in IBM Hursley, UK, and HDD 850 MB using three 14-inch disks with double-play actuators, each actuator accessing three surfaces with two head per surface. The HDD is on a 9335 mountable rack announced as part of the announcement of the IBM 9370 Information System October 1986. There is no known OEM version of this HDD.
- 9336 Disk Units using IBM 0681 HDD (Redwing)
- 9337 Disk Array Subsystem uses IBM 0662 (Spitfire) or 0663 (Corsair) HDD. HDDs_offered_for_IBM_small_systems HDD offered for small IBM systems
- Model 1 has one fixed disk and one disk off each with 100 tracks per surface for a 1.23 MB disk cartridge capacity
- Model 2 has one fixed disk and one removable disk each with 200 tracks per surface for a 2.46 MB disk cartridge capacity
- Model 3 has only one removable disk with 200 tracks per surface for a 2.46 MB disk cartridge capacity
- Floppy disk history
- Hard disk history
- List of IBM products
- IBM Archive: Stores basic information resources
- IBM Archive: Lists links to disk drive articles
- Magnetic Disk Inheritance Center
- One-quarter Century of Disk File Innovation: IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1981
- EE Times: Disk drive spins full
- IBM 1311 Disk storage drive
- IBM Direct Access 2314 storage
- Floppy
IBM 2310
The IBM 2310 Removable Cartridge Drive was announced in 1964 with IBM 1800, and later in 1965 with the IBM 1130; it was probably first shipped by 1130 by the end of 1965. It could store 512,000 16-bit words (1,024,000 bytes) per side on the IBM 2315 cartridge. A 14 inch (360 mm) plated aluminum-plated disk spun into a plastic shell with openings for read/write sleeves and two heads.
IBM 5444
The 5444 was announced September 1969 as part of System/3. Developed at IBM Hursley, England, the lab codenamed Dolphin was using 5440 disk cartridges. The cartridge in turn contains a 14 inch disk. There are three models:
IBM 62GV
The first 62GV was delivered in May 1974. Developed at IBM Hursley, England, the laboratory codenamed Gulliver with an initial capacity of 5MB. The next model has a capacity of 10 MB (62TM) and 14 MB. It uses a rotary actuator with one 14 inch disc. Rotary actuator technology is found in Hursley as part of Gulliver's development. During its production, it delivered 177,000 units so that the first known HDDs have been shipped to more than 100,000 units.
Maps History of IBM magnetic disk drives
OEM and Small System HDD
This section lists IBM-made HDDs offered both as OEM products and for installation to small IBM systems such as System/3, System/32,/34 & amp;/36 and AS/400. HDDs are identified by OEM model number and registered chronologically based on the customer's first shipping date.
IBM 0680
The 0680 was first shipped in 1979 in most small IBM systems and the bottom of System/370 as direct access storage 3310. The OEM version was announced as 0680 in September 1981. Developed in Hursley, England, the laboratory under the code name Piccolo with initial capacity up to 65MB, it uses six 8-inch disks (210 mm).
Double-capacity version, 62SW, was delivered in June 1984 but very few units were sold because the price per megabyte is equal to 62GV.
IBM 0676
The 0676 was first sent in November 1982 as 5247 Disk Storage Unit for IBM System/23 Datamaster. Developed at IBM Rochester, MN, the laboratory as the 21ED is an 8 inch HDD with an initial capacity of 15 or 30 MB in 2 or 4 210 mm discs. In 1983 it was shipped as HDD in 5360 System Unit S/36. In 1984 its capacity was doubled by doubling the number of tracks per surface and incorporated into System Unit 5362/36 System.
IBM 0665
The first 0665 was delivered in October 1985 in the system unit for PC AT (5170). Developed under the code name "Pixie" in IBM Rochester, MN, it is a 5 inch HDD with a capacity of 20, 30 and 44 MB
IBM 0667
The first 0667 was sent in August 1986. Developing IBM Rochester, MN, the laboratory codenamed "Grant", it is a 70 MB full ESDI 5 inch HDD with up to 4 130 mm disks. It is offered as a feature on certain models of PC RT (6150, 6151, 6152) and in System/36 Model System Units (5363, 5364).
IBM 0669
The 0669 was first shipped in 1987. Developed in IBM Rochester, MN, codenamed "Grant-Prime", it is a 5 ½ inch full-height HDD with a capacity of up to 115MB up to 4 130 mm disk. It's an internal HDD to System/36 5363 System Units and Series 1 System 4956 Units.
IBM 0671
The 0671 was first shipped in 1987. Developed under the code name "Lee" in IBM Rochester, MN, it is up to 316 MB ESDI full height 5 inch HDD with up to 8 130 mm discs depending on the model. This is IBM's first use of thin metal film as a disk recording surface. In 1988, the system was shipped as part of the 9404 Units of the IBM AS/400 System containing two, or three of these three HDDs.
IBM 0661
The first 0661 was shipped in 1989 as a 371 model. Developed initially under the code name "Lightning" in IBM Rochester MN (and Hursley, UK) as 320Ã,Â, MB SCSI HDD with up to eight disks 95Ã, mm (14 heads), followed in 1990 with a 400 MB version, code named "Turbo". During 1990 it was added as a standard drive on some major IBM systems, for example, the IBM AS/400 System Unit Model CXX
IBM 0681
The 0681 was first shipped in April 1990. Developed in IBM Hursley laboratory, UK, codenamed Redwing. It is up to 857 MB full 5 inch HDD using up to 12 130 mm discs. It was the first HDD to use the coding of PRML data. It was a drive component of the 9333 Disk Drive Subsystem that was first shipped in early 1992.
The higher density, 1.07 GB, was incorporated into the 9333 subsystem in May 1992.
IBM 0663
The first 0663 was shipped in late 1991. Developed under the codename "Corsair", it is a 3Ã,½ inch HDD with a height of a half-height device 5½ inch (1.6 inches high) and up to 1 GB on up to 8 95 mm discs. It is offered as a feature on certain models of the PS/2 and RS/6000. It is the first OEM disk drive that uses MR Heads.
IBM 0664
The 0664 was first shipped in November 1992. Developed under the code name "Allicat" in IBM Rochester, MN, it is a full 5x½ inch (5 inches) high HDD that incorporates two 3½ inch devices in a single , with capacities up to 2,013 GB on up to 8 95 mm discs.
IBM 0662
The 0662 was first shipped in June 1993. Developed under the code name "Spitfire" in IBM Rochester, MN, it is a 3D HDD (1 inch high) HDD with 1.05 GB on 3 disks or 5 disc surfaces. It is internal HDD to 9336 Disk Unit and 9337 Disk Array.
Drive floppy disk
Another important IBM innovation is the floppy disk drive. IBM first introduced the 8-inch FDD in 1971 as a read only program loading device. In 1973 IBM sent its first read/write floppy disk drive as part of the 3740 Entry Data System. IBM set the initial standard in 8 "FDD but never sold the product separately so the industry was later developed separately from IBM.
IBM at one point is the world's largest buyer FDD FD 5 ¼ inch; the choice of two-sided model, 48 tpi helps set the model as the de facto industry standard. IBM made extensive preparations to produce those models and smaller form factors but canceled all such attempts in 1985. IBM's 1983 attempts to OEM a 4-inch DemiDisk failed.
Series "Star" from HDD
On October 17, 1994, IBM's Storage Systems division announced three new family hard disk drives, Travelstar family 2 ½ inches for notebooks, Deskstar family of 3 ½ inches for desktop applications and Ultrastar 3 ½ inch family for high performance computer system applications..
IBM IBM's first HDD compared to its last HDD
The following table compares IBM's first HDD, RAMAC 350, with the last three models produced in each "Star" series of HDD OEMs. This represents a spectacular drop in HDD in terms of cost and size along with the appropriate capacity and performance improvement.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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