Netbook is the common name given for the category of small, lightweight, inherited, low-cost laptop computers introduced in 2007. Netbooks compete in the same market segments as mobile phones and Chromebooks (variations on portable network computers).
At their start in late 2007 because smaller notebooks are optimized for low weight and low cost - netbooks eliminate certain features (eg, optical drives), display smaller screens and keyboards, and offer lower computing power when compared to full-sized laptop. During their evolution, netbooks have ranged in size from below 5 "diagonal screens to 12". The usual weight is 1 kg ( 2.2 pounds ). Often significantly cheaper than other laptops, by mid 2009, netbooks began to be offered by some wireless data carriers for their "free" users, with the purchase of extended service contracts.
In the short time since their emergence, netbooks have grown in size and features, and are fused with smaller, lightweight laptops and subnotebooks. In August 2009, when comparing Dell netbooks with Dell notebooks, CNET called netbooks "nothing more than smaller and cheaper notebooks", noting, "the specifications are so similar that the average buyer will be confused as to why one is better than the other" , and "the only conclusion is that there is no difference between devices". In an effort to prevent more beneficial laptop cannibalization in their ranks, manufacturers impose some constraints on netbooks; However this will soon push the netbook into a niche where they have some special advantages over traditional laptops or tablet computers (see below).
In 2011, the increasing popularity of tablet computers (especially iPads) - different form factors, but with increased computing capabilities and lower production costs - has led to a decrease in netbook sales. At the high end of the performance spectrum, ultrabooks, ultra-light portables with traditional keyboards and screens have been revolutionized by the 11.6-inch MacBook Air, which makes sacrificing performance even less with a much higher production cost. Leveraging the success of the MacBook Air, and in response to that, Intel is promoting Ultrabook as the new high mobility standard, which has been praised by some analysts as a success in which netbooks fail. As a result of these two developments, netbooks in 2011 have kept prices as their only strong point, loss in design, ease of use and portability of departments to tablets (and tablets with removable keyboards) and to Ultrabook laptops in features and performance areas.
Many large netbook producers stop producing it by the end of 2012. Many netbook products are being replaced in the market by Chromebooks, a variation on the concept of networked computers in netbooks. With the advent of Chromebooks in 2014, Microsoft embarked on a new effort in creating a decent netbook, with Windows 8.1 with Bing . HP re-entered the non-Chromebook netbook market with Stream 11 in 2014.
Video Netbook
Histori
The origins of netbooks can be traced to the very popular Toshiba range of Libretto sub-notebooks. The 6 "Libretto 20 dates back to early 1996 and weighs only 840g.Apple also has the PowerBook Duos line of ultra-portable Macintosh laptops in the mid 90s.Recently, the now-terminated Psion netbook line, OLPC XO-1 (originally called the US $ 100 laptop) and the Palm Foleo all small, portable, network-enabled computers.The generic use of the term "netbook", however, began in 2007 when Asus launched the Asus Eee PC.Initially designed for emerging markets, cm - 17 cm (9.1 inches 6.7 inches) weighs about 0.9 kg (2 pounds) and features a 7 inch (18 cm) screen, the keyboard is approximately 85% the size of a normal keyboard, solid state hard disk and version specifically Linux with a simplified user interface for netbook usage, following the Eee PC, Everex launches Linux-based CloudBook, Windows XP and Windows Vista are also introduced and MSI releases Wind - the others soon follow.
The OLPC project follows the same target market set by eMate 300 eight years earlier. Known for its innovation in producing long-lasting, cost-effective and power-efficient netbooks for developing countries, it is considered one of the major factors that has led more computer hardware manufacturers to start creating low-cost netbooks for the consumer market. When the first Asus Eee PC sold over 300,000 units in four months, companies like Dell and Acer took note and started producing their own cheap netbooks. And while OLPC XO-1 targets a different audience than other manufacturers netbooks, it seems that OLPC is now facing competition. Developing countries now have a large selection of vendors, from which they can choose low-cost netbooks they like.
At the end of 2008, netbooks started taking market share from notebooks. Unlike before, most attempts failed to establish mini computers as a new class of major personal computing devices built around relatively expensive platforms that require proprietary software applications or impose severe usability restrictions, the recent netbook successes can also be attributed to the fact that PC technology has now been mature enough to allow a truly cost optimized implementation with enough performance to meet the needs of most PC users. This is illustrated by the fact that the typical netbook system performance is at the mainstream PC level in 2001, about a quarter of the cost. While this level of performance is sufficient for most user needs, it causes increased interest in resource-saving applications such as Google Chrome, and forces Microsoft to expand the availability of Windows XP to secure market share. It is estimated that almost thirty times as many netbooks were sold in 2008 (11.4 million, 70% of whom are in Europe) than in 2007 (400,000). This trend is reinforced by the emergence of web-based applications as well as mobile networks and, according to Wired Magazine, netbooks are evolving into "super-portable laptops for professionals". The ongoing recession also helps with netbook sales growth.
In Australia, the Department of Education and Training of New South Wales, in partnership with Lenovo, provided Year 9 (high school) students at a public high school with the Lenovo S10e netbook in 2009, Lenovo Mini 10 netbooks in 2010, Lenovo Edge 11 netbooks in 2011 and the modified Lenovo X130e netbook in 2012, each loaded with software including Microsoft Office and Creative Suite Adobe Systems 4. It is provided under the Digital Education Revolution of Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, or DER. Netbook running Windows 7 Enterprise. This netbook is secured with Computrace Lojack for laptops that can be used by the police to track devices if lost or stolen. NSW DET retains ownership of this netbook until students graduate from Year 12, when students can save it. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago - Prime Minister Kamla Persad Bisseser - also provides HP laptops to form 1 Student (11 years old) with the same police traceable software as above.
Greece provides all 13-year-olds (high school, or gymnasium , new students) and their teachers with netbooks in 2009 through the "Digital Class Initiative". Students are given one unique coupon each, with which they redeem their preferred netbook, up to the EUR450 price limit, at participating stores across the country. This netbook is bundled with local versions of the Windows XP (or higher) or open source operating system (eg Linux), wired and wireless networking functionality, antivirus protection, monitored parental controls and educational software packages.
Microsoft and Intel have tried to "cement" netbooks at the bottom end of the market to protect mainstream notebook PC sales, as they get lower margins on cheaper models. The company has limited the specifications of netbooks, but even though these original equipment manufacturers have announced top-class netbook models in March 2009.
Ended in 2008 the report is that typical netbooks weigh 1.4 kg (3 pounds), 9 inch screen (23 cm), wireless Internet connectivity, Linux or Windows XP, Intel Atom processor, and cost less than $ 400 US. A mid-2009 newspaper article says that typical netbooks are 1.2 kg (2.6 pounds), 300 US dollars, and have a 10 inch (25 cm) screen, 1 GB of random access memory, 160 GB hard drive , and wireless transceiver for home and cellular networks. Buyers pushed the netbook market toward larger screens, which grew from 7 inches (18 cm) in the original model of Asus Eee PC 700 to 12 inches (30.5 cm) in the summer of 2009.
After reaching a peak of about 20% of the portable computer market, netbooks began to lose a bit of market share (in category) in early 2010, to coincide with the appearance and success of the iPad. Technology commentator Ross Rubin argues two and a half years later at Engadget that "Netbooks never get the respect." While Steve Jobs rebuked the netbooks in the iPad's introduction, the iPad owes little to a small laptop.Netbooks show the potential of both cheap and portable computing devices, with screen sizes about 10 inches, is aimed primarily for media consumption and light productivity. "Although some manufacturers directly blame competition from the iPad, some analysts point out that larger and mature laptops have entered the netbook price range at about the same time.
The 11.6-inch MacBook Air, introduced at the end of 2010, compared favorably to many netbooks in terms of processing power but also ergonomics, at 2.3 pounds lighter than some 10-inch netbooks, in part because of the integration of flash storage chips on the main logic board. It was described as a superlative netbook (or at least like what a netbook should be) by some tech commentator, although Apple never called it that way, sometimes describing it - in the words of Steve Jobs - as "the third type of notebook." MSRP $ 999, the cost is much more significant than the average netbook, as much as three or four times as much.
In 2011 tablet sales exceeded netbooks for the first time, and in 2012 netbook sales fell 25 percent year-on-year. The sustained decline since 2010 has been most prominent in the United States and in Western Europe, while Latin America still shows some moderate growth. In December 2011, Dell announced that it was out of the netbook market. In May 2012, Toshiba announced to do the same, at least in the United States. An article in August 2012 by John C. Dvorak at PC Magazine states that the term "netbook" is "almost gone from the lexicon already", which has been replaced in the market largely by the more powerful (and MacBook Water inspired) Ultrabook - described as "netbook on steroids" - and to a lesser extent by tablets. As of September 2012 Asus, Acer and MSI announced that they will stop producing 10-inch netbooks. At the same time Asus announced that it would stop developing all Eee PC products, rather than focusing on the netbook Transformer tablet-blend track.
With the introduction of Chromebooks, major manufacturers are producing new laptops for the same market segment with netbook services. Chromebooks, variations on the concept of networked computers, in netbook form, require an internet connection for full functionality. Chromebooks become top-selling laptops in 2014. The threat of Chromebooks based on Google Chrome OS prompted Microsoft to revive and replace netbooks with Windows 8.1 with Bing . HP re-entered the non-Chromebook netbook market with Stream 11 in 2014.
Maps Netbook
Trademark
In 1996 Psion began applying for a trademark for the netbook product line which was later released in 1999. International trademarks were issued (including US Trademark 75,215,401 and) but the model failed gained popularity and is now discontinued (except for providing accessory, maintenance and support for existing users). A similar sign was recently rejected by the USPTO citing "possible confusion" under section 2 (d).
Although there is an expert analysis that the sign is "probably generic", Psion Teklogix issued a stop and stop letter on December 23, 2008. This is heavily criticized, encouraging the formation of a "Save Netbook" grassroots campaign working to reverse the Google AdWords ban, undo trademarks and push continued generic use of the term. While preparing "Petition for Cancellation" from US. Their trademark 75,215,401 reveals that Dell has filed a day earlier on grounds of neglect, genericness and fraud. They later revealed Psion's claim against Intel, filed on February 27, 2009.
It also revealed around the same time that Intel also sued Psion Teklogix (US & Canada) and Psion (UK) in Federal Court on the same basis. In addition to seeking trademark cancellations, Intel requests an order that prohibits Psion from declaring any trademark rights in the term "netbook", a declarative decision regarding the use of terms, attorneys' fees, fees, and expenses, as well as "others and more. because the Court considers fair and just ".
On June 2, 2009, Psion announced that the lawsuit had been settled out of court. Psion's statement says that the company withdraws all trademark registration for the term "Netbook" and that Psion agrees to "waive all its rights against third parties in connection with past, current or future use" of the term.
Hardware
Netbooks typically have more powerful hardware than larger laptop computers and do not include larger optical disk drives than laptops. Some netbooks do not even have a conventional hard drive. Such netbooks use solid-state storage devices instead, as this requires less power, is faster, lighter, and generally more shock-resistant, but with much less storage capacity (such as 32, 64, or 128 GB compared to 100 GB for 2 TB mechanical hard drives typical of many notebook/laptop computers).
All netbooks on the market today support Wi-Fi wireless networks and many can be used on mobile phone networks with data capabilities (for example, 3G). The mobile data plan is provided in the contract in the same way as a cell phone. Some also include ethernet and/or modem ports, for broadband or dial-up internet access, respectively.
It remains to be seen if Intel's new silver architecture, released in 2013, will revive sales because the new chip will offer far greater power using the same wattage.
Processor architecture
x86
Most netbooks, such as Asus, BenQ, Dell, Toshiba, Acer use the Intel Atom notebook processor (usually N270 1.6 GHz but also available N280 at 1.66 GHz, replaced by N450 series with graphics controller and integrated memory on chip in early 2010 and running at 1.66 GHz, but the VIA Technologies C7 x86-compatible processor also turns on netbooks from manufacturers such as HP and Samsung.VIA has also designed Nano, a new x86-compatible architecture that targets lower-priced mobile applications such as netbooks Currently, one netbook uses Nano, Samsung NC20. Some low-cost netbooks use an on-a-chip system Vortex86 processor intended for embedded systems, only to be "Windows compatible" but with very low performance. , AMD launched the Fusion netbook processor that is included in the Asus Eee PC 1015T and many others.
Although not officially approved by AMD for this role, the 1.2GHz Athlon 64 model L110, discarded 13 W, is used by at least one company - Gateway - for 11.6-inch portable power (1366x768 display resolution), described as netbook by press. Launched in mid-2009 at $ 399 in the United States, LT31 met with reviewers' approval for its performance, which is generally recognized as faster than contemporary Atom-based products in the same price range, while having a much shorter battery life and still falling short an Intel Core 2 ULV product line that generates a more expensive offering of smaller factors.
The 11.6-inch MacBook Air debuted at the end of 2010 with a 1.4GHz Core 2 Duo (10W part) processor and 1366x768 screen resolution for its entry level model for $ 999 (with 1.6 GHz available as upgrade), which put it "More close to a fully modern laptop rather than a small-but-lame netbook ". One reviewer described it as a "Mercedes Benz netbook".
The September 2011 PCMagazine buyer's guide to netbooks observes that other "big netbooks" with 11.6-inch screens have appeared on the market, including HP Pavilion dm1z (MSRP $ 449) and Lenovo ThinkPad X100e (MSRP $ 550), both using AMD Fusion E-350 processors (18W parts, though these include the GPU), described as "faster than the given Atom processor".
Comparison
By definition netbooks accommodate processors with little processing power. For comparison, dual-core 2 Duo T5600 dual-core at 1.83 GHz with 2 MB L2 cache used on low-end laptops have PassMark scores of around 1000 points. The following table shows benchmarks for the most common netbook CPUs:
ARM
ARM Holdings designs and licenses microprocessor technology with relatively low power requirements and low cost which is the ideal basis for netbooks. In particular, the new ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore processor series has been mentioned by ARM as an alternative platform for x86 for netbooks. In June 2009, Nvidia announced a dozen mobile Internet devices running Tegra SoC based on ARM, some of which are netbooks.
Some ARM-based products are advertised as smart books, mainly by Qualcomm. Smartbooks promises to deliver features including always, all-day battery life, 3G connectivity and GPS (all commonly found in smartphones) in a laptop-style body with 5 to 10 inch screen sizes and a QWERTY keyboard. The system does not run the traditional version of Microsoft Windows x86, but a special Linux operating system (like Google Android or Chrome OS). In the end, some such products have been sent to the market under this brand, such as HP-Compaq Airlife, Toshiba AC100 (sold as Dynabook AZ in Japan) and Efika MX. Some devices, such as AC100, have been hampered because they are sold with a phone-oriented operating system like Android. At the end of 2010, Qualcomm CEO Paul Jacobs acknowledged that tablet computers like the iPad had occupied a niche smartbook, so that his name was dropped.
MIPS
Some netbooks use processors that are compatible with MIPS architectures. These include the Skytone Alpha-400, based on the Ingenic system on the chip, and the Gdium EMTEC netbook, which uses 64-bit Loongson processors capable of up to 400 million instructions per second. Although this system is relatively inexpensive, the processing power of the current MIPS implementations usually compares unfavorably with x86 implementations such as those found in netbooks today.
Operating system
Linux
In November 2009, the customized Linux distribution is expected to be delivered to 32% of netbooks worldwide (0.5% claimed by Microsoft), making it the second most popular operating system after Windows. Since Linux systems usually install software from an Internet software repository, they do not require an optical drive to install the software.
As of August 2010, major netbook manufacturers no longer install or support Linux in the United States. The reason for this change of stance is unclear, although it coincides with the availability of Windows XP's 'netbook' versions, and the newer Windows 7 Starter and a strong marketing push for the deployment of this OS in the netbook market. However, companies that target specific markets, such as System76 and ZaReason, continue to install Linux on devices they sell.
Netbooks have triggered the development of several variants of Linux or a completely new distribution, optimized for the use of small screens and limited processing power of Atom or ARM processors that typically drive netbooks. Examples include Ubuntu Netbook Edition, EasyPeasy, Joli OS and MeeGo. Both Joli OS and MeeGo are meant to be "social-oriented" or social networking operating systems rather than traditional "office work" operating systems.
Windows
Microsoft announced on April 8, 2008 that, despite the forthcoming end of retail availability for its June operating system, it will continue to license low-cost copy of Windows XP Home Edition for OEMs by October 2010 (one year after Windows 7 release) for what is defined as a "very cheap personal computer" - a definition that carries restrictions on screen size and processing power.
This move is mainly done to counter the use of cheap Linux distributions on netbooks and create new market segments for Windows devices, while ensuring that the device does not disable top-selling PC sales running Windows Vista. In January 2009, more than 90% (96% claimed by Microsoft in February 2009) netbooks in the United States are estimated to be shipped with Windows XP.
For Windows 7, Microsoft introduced a new stripped-down edition aimed at netbooks known as "Starter", specific to OEMs. Compared to Home Premium, Starter has reduced multimedia functionality, not allowing users to change their desktop wallpaper or theme, disable the "Aero Glass" theme, and lack support for multiple monitors.
For Windows 8, in a way to counter Chrome OS-based netbooks and low-end Android tablets, Microsoft began offering Windows licenses at no cost to OEMs for devices with screens smaller than 9 inches. In addition, Microsoft began offering low-cost licenses for operating system variants that were prepared to use the Microsoft Bing search engine by default.
Windows CE has also been used in netbook applications, because the feature set is reduced.
Android
The Google Android software platform, designed for mobile phone handsets, has been demonstrated on the ASUS Eee PC and its Linux operating system version contains policies for mobile internet devices including Asus Eee PC 701. ASUS has allocated engineers to develop Android-based netbooks. Freescale also announced plans to design low-cost ARM netbooks, running Android. In May 2009, a Dell contractor announced it would port Adobe Flash Lite to Android for Dell netbooks. Acer announced the Android netbook will be available in Q3/2009.
In July 2009, a new project, Android-x86, was created to provide open source solutions for Android on x86 platforms, especially for netbooks.
Since then Google has marketed a special netbook platform known as Chrome OS. Google has made efforts to provide access to the Android ecosystem within Chrome OS, including the 2016 Google Play Store introduction and compatibility layer for Android apps to the platform.
Chrome OS
In 2011, Google introduced Chrome OS, a Linux-based operating system designed specifically for netbook-like devices marketed as "Chromebooks." The platform is designed to take advantage of online services, cloud computing, and namesake of the Chrome web browser as its shell - so much so that the operating system initially uses a full-screen web browser window as its interface, and contains limited offline functionality. Later versions of Chrome OS introduced traditional desktop interfaces and platforms that enabled "authentic" software packaged in HTML, JavaScript and CSS to be developed for the platform.
MeeGo
MeeGo is an open source operating system project. It was first announced at Mobile World Congress in February 2010 by Intel and Nokia in a joint press conference, with another goal being to combine Intel Moblin and Nokia Maemo projects into a common project. It's programmed in C and uses Linux Kernel. Originally released on May 26, 2010. The latest stable release available is 1.2 released on May 19, 2011. On 27 September 2011 development on MeeGo has stopped supporting Tizen's new project.
More
Netbooks have been proven to run other operating systems including FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Darwin.
Cloud operating system tries to take advantage of netbook minimalist aspects. The user interface is limited to browser applications only.
Mac OS X has been proven running on various netbooks as a result of the OSx86 project, although this violates the end-user operating system license agreement. Apple has complained to hosting sites information about how to install OS X to non-Apple hardware (including Wired and YouTube) that has reacted and removed the content in response. One article dubbed a netbook running OS X a "Hackintosh." Macbook Air can be considered an expensive netbook.
Usage
NPD Study June 2009 found that 60% netbook buyers never bring their netbooks out of the house.
Other NPD studies show that as of September 2009 netbooks accounted for 20% of all portable computer shipments.
The "kids" special edition of the netbook has been released under the Disney brand; their low cost (less risky), lack of DVD players (less for breaks) and smaller keyboards (closer to children's hand size) are seen as significant gains for that target market. The main objection to netbooks in this context is the lack of good video performance for streaming online video on netbooks today and lack of speed even with simple games. Adults who search for text content are less dependent on video content than young children who can not read.
Netbooks in education
Netbooks are an emerging educational trend for several reasons. The need to prepare children for the 21st century lifestyle, combined with hundreds of new educational tools that can be found online, and an ever-increasing emphasis on student-centered learning are the three factors that contribute the most to the increasing use of netbook technology in schools -school. Dell was one of the first to mass-produce ruggedised netbooks for the education sector, with rubber expenditures, touch screens and network activity lights to show netbook teachers online.
Netbooks offer several distinct advantages in educational settings. First, its compact size and weight make it easy to use in student work areas. Similarly, small size makes netbooks easier to transport than larger larger traditional laptops. In addition, prices ranging from $ 200- $ 600 means that netbook affordability can be a help for school budget creators. Despite its small size and low price, netbooks are fully capable of completing most school-related tasks, including word processing, presentation, access to the Internet, multimedia playback, and photo management.
Smartbook
Smartbook is a mobile device concept that falls between smartphones and netbooks, bringing features typically found on smartphones (always on, all-day battery life, 3G connectivity, GPS) in a slightly larger device with full keyboard. Smartbooks will tend to be designed to work with online applications. Smartbooks will likely be sold initially through mobile network operators, such as current mobile phones, with wireless data packets. Smartbooks discontinued due to tablet popularity.
Gallery
See also
References
External links
- "Appearance of Netbook" article on CNET
- "State of the Netbook" article at Ars Technica
- "Netbook Effects: How Cheap Laptops Hack Big Time" in Wired
- "Light and Cheap Articles, Netbooks Prepared to Rebuild PC Industry" at New York Times
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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