In Britain, public access to firearms is strictly controlled by laws that are much stricter than the minimum rules required by European Armament Arrest, but not too tightly in Northern Ireland. This country has one of the lowest rates of weapons killings in the world. There are 0.05 deliberate murder records conducted with firearms per 100,000 population in five years to 2011 (15 to 38 persons per year). Gun suicide accounts for 2.4% of all murders in 2011. There are some concerns over the availability of illegal firearms. The Office for National Statistics shows the number of 7,866 violations in which firearms were involved in the year ending March 2015, up 2% on the previous year and the first increase in 10 years. Of these, 19 were fatalities, 10 fewer than in the previous year and the lowest since records began in 1969. There was a further increase to 8,399 in the year ending March 2016, the highest number in four years but much lower than the all- time high of 24,094 in 2003/04. Twenty-six caused a fatal injury.
Community members can have sports rifles and rifles, subject to licensing, but the gun is effectively banned after the Dunblane school massacre in 1996 with the exception of Northern Ireland. Dunblane is the first and only school shoot in Britain. There has been one spree killing since Dunblane, a Cumbrian shoot in June 2010, involving a.22-caliber rifle and rifle, both held legally. Prior to Dunblane, there was only one mass shooting carried out by a civilian throughout the history of Great Britain, which took place in Hungerford on August 19, 1987.
Police in England (aside from Northern Ireland) are not routinely armed. Fatal police shootings are very rare; there are three in England and Wales in the eleven-year period from 2000/01 to 2010/11. An armed response unit is available to handle the incident, and by March 31, 2017 there were 6,278 armed officers serving in the territorial police forces in England and Wales.
Video Firearms policy in the United Kingdom
Shooting sport
Shooting sports are divided into various categories in the UK between target shootings, clay pigeon shootings, pest control, and poaching. Sport, once a relatively elitist activity, has become much more popular in modern times among people from all walks of life.
Many civilian rifle clubs are now tracking their history to 19th century 'volunteers', who are raised locally among the nobles to buy some readiness to counter the constant threat of invasion by Napoleon III. These volunteer organizations and military shooting clubs evolve from time to time into civilian clubs when volunteer organizations are incorporated into the Territorial Army. The rise in popularity in civilian clubs began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, notably the event of a military-sponsored banner rifle and the Royal National Rifle Association to raise the general standard of firing skills under the auspices of Nature Defense.
Maps Firearms policy in the United Kingdom
The impact of firearms laws
In 2012, the Home Office reported that, "in 2010/11, firearms were involved in 11,277 violations recorded in England and Wales, the seventh consecutive yearly fall". The statistics of firearms in England and Wales include air rifles and imitation guns, which is the highest proportion of these record violations (see below "Firearms of Evil" below). However, this is a return to levels seen before the law in 1997.
Fully automatic (submachine-guns, etc.) are "forbidden weapons" and require explicit permission from the central government to permit ownership. Generally, such permits are not available to private citizens. The semi-automatic rifle is more than 0.22 in (5.6 mm) and the gun is equally "forbidden", although there are exceptions for the short-spinning semi-automatic spinning short spinning mill and used for the sending of humane animals (classified under section 5). There are also very limited exceptions for pistols either to defend firearms of historical or technical interest (classified as part 7 of a firearm) and to allow use by elite sports teams. The semi-automatic rifle is limited to a magazine capacity of no more than two shots and is held under part 2 of the Firearms Act, although a 'multi-shot' rifle may be owned under part 1 (firearms and limited ammunition) of Firearms Act. Where the term 'multi-shot' is used, it refers to a semi-automatic action gun or pump without restrictions on the capacity of the magazine. All other rifles and ammunition are permitted indefinitely for the size of the magazine, to include: target shooting, hunting, and historic weapons and muzzles, as well as a long barreled pistol with a specific overall length, but not for yourself. defense; but if homeowners are threatened, they can be used to defend themselves, as long as the power makes sense. The control and use of controlled rifles, and even low-powered air rifles and air pistols, while permitted, are controlled to some extent. The Firearms Certificate issued by the police is required for all weapons and ammunition except for air guns with modest power (no more than 12 feet (lbf) (16 J) for a rifle, and 6Ã, ft? Lbf (8.1 J) for a rifle gun). Rifle with a capacity of three or fewer rounds (until a magazine rifle holding no more than two rounds, other than one in the room) is subject to less stringent licensing requirements than other firearms and requires a rifle certificate; a shotgun with a higher capacity requires a Firearm Certificate.
Ownership of direct rounds of firearms can lead to severe penalties. Live ammunition guns, in addition to rifle ammunition, can only be purchased and owned with the authority of the Firearms Certificate. Shotgun cartridges may be owned by anyone over the age of 15 but no license is required to hold such ammunition as long as the cartridge contains 5 or more shots. However, a license that includes possession of firearms capable of firing an ammunition rifle is required for purchase.
While Scotland has had its own parliament (Holyrood) since the Scottish Act of 1998, the power to enact a law on firearms is provided for the Westminster Parliament, which causes tensions between the British and Scottish parliaments, with the Scottish government wanting to impose stricter laws.
In Northern Ireland, owning a firearm with a Firearm Certificate issued by the Northern Ireland Police Service is valid. The law of controlling firearms in Northern Ireland was primarily governed by the Iron Man Order (Northern Ireland) 2004, slightly different from that of the United Kingdom.
Guns license and weapons laws
This law is interpreted in different ways by different police authorities. For example, some authorities allow clubs to have a long-barreled gun for member use, and allow members who have them to allow other members to use it. Other authorities place the condition that only owners can fire them; it is considered an offense for others to even touch a firearm. This effectively requires each member to have their own gun. In 2002, the Home Office issued a legal guidance on firearms to police, a 212-page document. The revised version was published in October 2013. In 2012, the UK's Shooting Sports Council believes that legislation needs to be combined , but does not require a review.
The classification of firearms
Rifle
English law defines a "shotgun" as a rifled firearm with a barrel of more than 30 cm (12 inches), and a total length of more than 60 cm (24 inches) which is not included in the classification of pistols or long barreled pistols. Single-shot, bolt-action, Martini-action, action lever (also called under-action) and revolver and carbine rifles are allowed, with certificates, in any caliber. Self-loading (also known as semi-automatic) or pump-action guns are only allowed in.22 rimfire caliber.
Pistols
The 1997 law does not prohibit such pistols and is designed in the form of small arms. English law defines a "gun" as a firearm with a barrel shorter than 30 cm (12 inches) or a total length of less than 60 cm (24 inches) (this definition includes revolver, revolving gun). Only pistols containing muzzles - including revolvers containing muzzle - are allowed; in practice all firearms use black powder - Class 1 explosives - as propellants. A small number of spin and revolver spin guns in various caliber, which are in accordance with the rules, are made. All other pistols are banned in the United Kingdom, with some exceptions such as pistols used for the delivery of humanly wounded animals (such as deer) and some historic firearms.
Special models of empty start pistols that are "ready to convert" to fire live ammunition can also be banned. The Bruni Olympic.380 BBM blank-firing revolver was banned in 2010 with evidence that it is being converted illegally.
Weapons and long barrel gun
"Long-barreled revolvers" and "long-barreled guns" that meet certain criteria are not classified as small arms, and are therefore prohibited; it's legal, with the Firearms Certificate, to have it. The barrel must be at least 30 cm (12 inches) long, and a firearm is at least 60 cm (24 inches), which can be achieved by having extensions permanently attached to a gun handle or butt. Single-shot long-barreled caliber firearms, and.22 rimfire caliber semi-automatic pistols, allowed with FAC.
The target gun
Gun shooting for sporting purposes has been effectively banned since 1997, although temporary exceptions were made for competitors to bring Section 5 weapons to Britain for the Commonwealth Games 2002. This exception only applies to the Olympic period and Nation Nation gun shooters must practice abroad before the Olympics. Ahead of the 2012 Olympics, Tessa Jowell (Minister for Olympics) and Minister of Home Affairs agree to use the power of the Home Office to issue a small amount of Section 5 Licenses for elite gun shooters nominated by British Shooting. With Glasgow winning the right to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games, this arrangement resumes after the 2012 Olympics, with a small number of British ranges licensed for Photograph 5.
Some models of.22-caliber caliber pistols, such as those used in the 50 'Olympic Free Guns' game, have been produced to satisfy the "barrel-length" condition. Some free pistols have removable stabilizer bars that extend backwards to improve stability; British-legal models have been created with non-removable stabilizers to expand dimensions, rather than contrived and non-functional hand extensions. Examples are single-shot Pardini K22 Longarm and Westlake Britarms Long Pistol, a bullet-permitted five-bullet LR bullets.
Rifle
Single rifle, double or triple barrel, or rifle with action lever or, pump-action, or semi-automatic and magazines with no more than three (2 in magazines and one indoors) cartridge is allowed on Shotgun Certificate. Rifles with removable magazines or larger fixed magazines are permitted on the Firearms Certificate Section 1. The types of ammo guns, such as solid snails can only be purchased after the FAC (Firearms Certificate). There is no limit to the number of weapons or the amount of ammunition that SGC holders (rifle certificates) can obtain or have at any one time, even though every rifle is recorded on the certificate.
Air rifle
Air Rifle is a firearm like any other according to the definition given in the Firearms Act 1968 in section 57 (1). However, they are exempt from the requirement that a Firearm Certificate or Shotgun Certificate must be obtained to own or acquire it provided they meet certain limits for their strength.
The air gun with muzzle energy does not exceed 6 feet-pound force (8.1 joules) and other air guns with a muzzle energy not exceeding 12Ã, ft? Lbf (16 J) does not require a certificate and may be acquired, bought and owned by anyone over the age of 18 and who is not a prohibited person as defined in article 21 of the Law relating to persons previously convicted of a crime.
The UK Abuse Violence Crime Act of 2006 controls the sale of air rifles through trade or online business or by mail order; transactions must be completed face-to-face even though a sales contract may occur in the distance. Airgun may be shipped by the seller to the Registered Arms Dealer (who will act as a sales agent in the sale) that can be taken away by the buyer.
The same law introduces the requirement that someone sells a wind rifle or ammunition for a wind rifle by way of trade or business into a Registered Firearms Dealer. It is not an offense for private individuals to sell air rifles to others as long as both parties are not legally banned from having air guns and the transaction is not a business activity.
It became a crime to fire air guns outside the boundaries of places without permission to occupy, and increase the lower age limit for buying or owning air guns for up to 18 years.
Beginning February 10, 2011 Crime & amp; Security Act 2010 (S.46) makes an offense "... for a person who has an air weapon to fail to take reasonable precautions to prevent a person under the age of eighteen from having a weapon with him.." >.
Everyone who is in the building or on land as a temporary offender has a firearm with them committing an unauthorized entry violation with a firearm. It is not material whether they have ammunition with them at the time or whether they really intend to use it in a place where they enter without permission.
Ammunition
The types of explosive ammunition, incendiary, dangerous (biological, chemical) and piercing armor are "prohibited" for civilians. Extending ammunition is not only permitted but a legal requirement for stalking deer. FAC holders for shooting or deer-stalking purposes shall have the authorization to acquire and have the growing ammunition recorded on it. The amount of ammunition allowed for purchase and possession is determined by the conditions stated in the FAC.
Forbidden firearms
The following are generally prohibited:
- A fully automatic or explosive weapon, which may include some air rifles.
- Semi-automatic or action-pumps that burn ammo firearms (eg Colt AR-15, L1A1)
- Cartoon ammunition weapons, regardless of caliber
- Firearms disguised as other items (eg walking stick, cell phone, etc.)
- Rockets and mortars.
- Air rifles are coupled to complete gas cylinders. (Existing owners prior to January 20, 2004 permitted to have the right to obtain firearm certificates)
- Any weapon of any description designed or adapted for the disposal of liquids, gases, or other harmful substances. These usually include an electric pistol, or an electric shock device, CS gas (tear gas), OC spray (pepper spray), etc. Cattle prods generally will not be included, but will depend on the type.
- Firearms that were previously included in the forbidden category, but have been converted to the permitted form. For example, a pistol permanently adapted to install a barrel 60 centimeters (24 inches) long is not allowed.
Firearms license
With some special exceptions, all firearms in the United Kingdom must be licensed either a five-year firearm certificate (FAC) or a rifle certificate (SGC) issued by the police for the area in which they are normally located. Each certificate may register multiple firearms, and the certificate remains valid until expired even if all the weapons listed are then banned.
The rifle (Section 2 Firearms under the 1968 Act as amended) is defined in English law as a smoothbore firearm with no barrel shorter than 24 inches (61 cm) and a diameter not greater than 2 inches (5.1 cm), not there is a rotating cylinder, and no magazines or magazines that can not be removed that can not hold more than two cartridges, plus one indoors; a shotgun with a higher capacity requires a firearm certificate. The defined rifle is thus subject to a less stringent certification process than the complete FAC; applicants are not required by law to make a good case because they are given a certificate, but the police can withhold certificates if they consider that the applicant has no satisfactory security in place, or the gift will be a danger to public safety or for peace. The certificate holder may have as many rifles as can be safely stored.
When applying for a firearm certificate, justification must be given to the police for each firearm, and they are individually listed on the certificate by type, caliber, and serial number. A rifle certificate is equal to the type list, caliber and serial number, but allows as many possessions of rifles that can be safely accommodated. To obtain permission for a new firearm, "variations" should be sought, at a cost, unless variations are made at the time of renewal, or unless it is a replacement for the existing one-for-one firearms to be disposed of. This certificate also specifies, with the caliber, the maximum amount of ammunition a person can have at a time, and is used to record ammunition purchases (unless ammunition is purchased for immediate use in the range below s11 or s15 of the Arms Law).
To obtain a firearm certificate, the police must be confident that someone has a "good reason" to have each of the firearms, and that they can be trusted "without harm to public safety or peace". Under the Home Office guide, Firearm Certificates are only issued if a person has valid reasons for sports, collection, or occupational reasons for ownership. Since 1968, self-defense has not been considered a valid reason for possession of firearms. Current licensing procedures include: positive identity verification, two verifiable character referees who have known applicants for at least two years (and who may themselves be interviewed and/or investigated as part of the certification), application approval by the applicant's own family physician, spot check and cabinets where firearms will be stored and face-to-face interviews by Firearm Inspection Officers (FEO) also known as Firearms Liaison Officers (FLO). A thorough background check of the applicant is then made by the Special Branch on behalf of the firearms license department. Only when all these phases have been satisfactorily resolved will the license be issued, which must be renewed every 5 years.
Everyone who has been sentenced between three months and three years in prison is automatically barred from possessing firearms (including air rifles) and ammunition for five years from his release. A person who has been sentenced to more than three years is prohibited for life. Applications may be made to court to reverse this ban and this may be successful in relation to beliefs for crimes that are not related to a person's fitness to own firearms. Similarly, the person who applied for a license with a serious mental health problem that recently will also be denied a certificate.
Anyone who holds a Firearm or Shotgun Certificate must comply with strict requirements on such matters as secure storage. This storage setting is checked by the police before the license is granted first, and on any license renewal.
In the case of firearms certificates, the force of the issuing police may enact additional provisions above the law. However any condition added to the certificate should be reasonable and should not be restrictive as it would lead to constructive rejection to grant certificates using very unlikely so it is almost impossible to do. Failure to comply with any of these conditions may result in criminal charges resulting in imprisonment of up to six months. Certificate revocation is also possible, depending on the nature of the violation.
Visitor permission is available for non-certified firearm ownership by visitors to the UK.
The penalty for possession of any kind of firearms without a certificate is a maximum of 14 years in jail and an unlimited fine. Penalties for the 5 categories of firearms are subject to a mandatory minimum of five years. (Though the judge of sentence has the discretion to get out of the minimum sentence if there is "extraordinary circumstances").
The 2006 Violence Crime Act enhances restrictions on the use, possession, sale and manufacture of firearms and firearms.
Northern Ireland
More than 100,000 people in Northern Ireland (about 5.7% of the population) have firearms, have 380,000 of them. The arms control laws in Northern Ireland are less stringent than the arms laws in Great Britain because the Good Friday Agreement allows Northern Ireland to regulate itself and pass less stringent laws. The law of weapons in Northern Ireland was primarily influenced by the Order of Arms (Northern Ireland) 2004. Under the new law, first-time buyers will be required to show that they are reliable with firearms. Firearms sellers will sell products to inform new buyers, and those who increase their firearms, about safety procedures. Owners of firearms in Northern Ireland may not carry their weapons to the United Kingdom. All gun owners in Northern Ireland are required to apply for a Firearm Certificate to have firearms. Permissions are usually issued to anyone who has good reason to own firearms, such as target shooting, hunting, and personal protection. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom where personal protection is accepted as a valid reason to acquire and own firearms and is the only part of the United Kingdom or Ireland where a gun is allowed. Semi-automatic rifles are only allowed when marching in.22 caliber (with certain exceptions). Guns and rifles are allowed in any caliber. There is no limit on the capacity of magazines for guns and pistols, and the magazine's limit for rifles is 2 rounds. Also, carrying firearms in ordinary view in public places is permitted without permission. Open carrying gun is not common. However, in the countryside, people will often open carrying rifles and rifles. Certificates of firearms for personal protection weapons will only be authorized where the Northern Ireland Police Service considers there are 'verifiable specific risks' to a person's life and that gun ownership is a fair, proportionate and necessary act of protecting their lives. Permission for personal protection also allows the holder to carry their firearms hidden. They can also allow holders to have full automatic weapons and semi-automatic fire centers in some cases.
Scotland
The law of weapons in Scotland differs in some details from people all over the UK. However, in terms of their licensing, at present, synonymous with the rest of England. Certificates of firearms are required to purchase firearms, and separate shotgun certificates are required for the rifle. The guiding law for firearms in Scotland is the 1989 Arms Regulation (Scotland) and the Firearms Act (1968). All pistols, semi-automatic rifles and non-fire-action-pumps are prohibited. Some pistols are licensed with Firearm Certificates for exactly the same reason as the rest of England. There are only 566 licensed gun owners in Scotland.
Air gun licenses
In 2006, Glasgow politician Tommy Sheridan of the Solidarity political party launched a consultation to restrict air gun ownership, highlighting new cases including the death of a toddler Andrew Morton but the Scottish Parliament lacked the power to ban the air rifle at that time so any action should be formally approved by Westminster. Around this time, the media gave some exposure to the growing public desire to have air weapons banned or regulated, especially from the parents of a child who died after being hit in the head by a pellet at Easterhouse, a suburb of east Glasgow. The child is said to have a skull that is only two millimeters thick at the point of impact.
MSPs like Kenny Macaskill have claimed Scotland has a problem with violent air guns. But official figures show that from an estimated 500,000 air rifles in Scotland there were only 195 offenses with ratios of less than 0.04%. Not all of these offenses are associated with violence and many are victims.
The Commission on Scottish Devolution when implemented gave the Scottish Parliament the power to regulate air guns. On December 14, 2012, a consultation was launched to investigate proposals for licensing air guns in Scotland. The Cabinet Secretary of Justice for Scottish Justice in a consultation paper (titled Proposal for Airborne Air License in Scotland ) states that local governments "do not intend to ban air guns directly, but do not think that this is true in modern Scotland we know that there are up to half a million firearms unregistered, uncontrolled and often forgotten (however, air guns are not considered 'firearms' under the law) in circulation â € This states the purpose of "ensuring that only people with a reason who are legitimate to own and use air rifles must have access to them in the future, and that they are properly licensed and taken into account. "In 2011/12 there were 195 violations involving air guns in Scotland, compared to 3,554 in England and Wales. closed in March 2013 with 1,101 responses, 87% of which oppose the principle of licensing weapons fig.
In July 2013, Shooting UK reported that the petition against the introduction of air gun licenses in Scotland has so far obtained 14,193 signatures. The founder of the petition Dave Ewing - who will appear before the Scottish Parliament's Public Petitions Committee in September - is reportedly pleased with his response to date, but it is "very important for people to continue to sign and show support, because the shooting community must work "BASC and the Scottish Gamekeepers' Association (SGA) are also supporting the petition, as well as the" with George Macdonald of the SGA saying: "The responsible person objected to the enforced regulations on them where there is no provable requirement.Statistics for the misuse of air rifles are very low."
As of December 31, 2016, it is a requirement to hold an airgun certificate in Scotland to have a sub 12Ã, ft/lb aerial gun or a sub 6Ã, ft/lb air gun. There are some exceptions to current FAC and SGC holders as they can hold air guns on their current certificates and apply to add them when they update their FAC or SGC.
Firearms Law in the United Kingdom
Many laws and amendments governing the possession and use of firearms have been imposed for many years; see Firearms Act # United Kingdom for a more complete list.
Following the murder of William of Orange in 1584 with a hidden wheellock pistol, Queen Elizabeth I, fearing the assassination of Roman Catholics, banned the possession of a wheellock pistol near the royal palace in 1594. There was growing concern in the 16th century on the use of weapons. and crossbows. Four actions are applied to limit their use.
The Bill of Rights restates the ancient rights of the people to bear arms by restoring the right of Protestants to possess weapons after they are illegally disarmed by James II. This followed closely the Declaration of Rights made in Parliament in February 1689. The Bill of Rights text states that "Protestant Subjects may have Weapons for Their Defense in accordance with their Provisions and as permitted by Law".
"While the late King James, by the aid of the evil divers, the Counselor, the Judge, and the Minister, employed by Him, seek to subvert and annihilate the Protestant Religion, and the Laws and Freedoms of this Kingdom. (B) y assume and exercise the Power issuing and suspending the Law, and the Execution of the Law, without the Parliamentary Approval.... (b) causing some good Subjects, being Protestant, disarmed, at the same time when Papists are both armed and working in opposition to the Law. will be completely and directly contrary to the known Laws and Statutes and the Freedom of Nature........ the Spiritual and Temporal Lords and Commons, in accordance with their respective Letters and Elections, now assembled in full and Nation-free Representative Consider their most serious considerations, The best means of achieving the Ends mentioned above, are done in the First Place (as the Ancestors in a similar case is usually done), to take revenge and donkey erting their ancient Rights and Freedoms, Declare....... That Protestant Subjects may have Weapons for Their Defense, in accordance with their Conditions, and as permitted by the Act.
The rights of English subjects and, after 1707, the subjects of England, possessing weapons are recognized under English common law. Sir William Blackstone Comments on English Law , is very influential and is used as a reference and textbook for the Common Law UK. In his comments, Blackstone describes the right to weapons.
The fifth and final right of the subject, which I will discuss today, is that it has a weapon for their defense, according to their conditions and levels, and as permitted by law. Which is also stated by the same law I W. & amp; M. st.2. c.2. and is indeed a public benefit, under the applicable limits, of the natural right of resistance and self-preservation, when public and legal sanctions are found insufficient to withstand violence of oppression.
Previously, the same English law applied to England and Australia, and until 1791 to colonies in North America that became the United States. The right to keep and bear arms originated in England during the reign of Henry II with 1181 Assize of Arms, and developed as part of the common law.
After Jacob's rebellion from 1715 and 1745, harsh laws provided, inter alia, to disarm the Scottish Highlands, enacted by the United Kingdom Parliament: the Disarming Act of 1716 and 1725, and Negligence 1746.
The first British gun control was introduced as part of the Vagrancy Act 1824, which was formed in reaction to the large number of people roaming the country with weapons brought back from the Napoleonic wars. This allows the police to arrest "anyone with a gun, a pistol, a hanger [a dagger], a short sword, a mace or other offensive weapon... with the intention of committing a crime". Followed by the Night Poaching Act 1828 and the Night Poaching Act of 1844, the Game Act 1831, and the Poaching Prevention Act of 1862, which made it an offense to shoot games illegally using firearms.
The Gun License Act 1870 was created to increase revenue. It takes a person to obtain a license to carry weapons outside of his or her own for any reason. Licenses are not required to purchase weapons. The license fee of 10 shillings (equivalent to about Ã, Â £ 31 in 2005), lasts a year and can be purchased on a desk at the Post Office.
Pistols Act 1903
The Pistols Act 1903 was the first to place restrictions on the sale of firearms. Entitled "An Act to Regulate Sale and Use of Pistols or Other Firearms", it was short, with only nine parts, and applied solely to the gun. It defines a gun as a firearm whose barrel does not exceed 9 inches (230 mm) and makes it illegal to sell or rent a gun to anyone who can not produce a weapon license or current game license, exempt from the Gun Act License, may prove that they are planning to use a gun in their own property, or to have a statement signed by a police officer of the rank of Inspector or above or Justice of the Peace stating that they will go abroad for six months or more. The law is more or less ineffective, because anyone who wants to buy a pistol commercially should only purchase a license upon request at the counter from the Post Office before doing so. In addition, he does not regulate the personal sale of such firearms.
The legislators emphasized the dangers of pistols in the hands of children and drunks and made special provisions on sales for both groups: people under the age of 18 could be fined 40 shillings if they bought, rented or carried pistols, whichever selling a gun to such a person can be fined Ã, Â £ 5. Anyone who sells a gun to someone who is "drunk or mad" will be charged a fine of £ 25 or 3 months in jail with hard work. However, it is not a violation under the Act to grant or lend a gun to anyone belonging to both groups.
Firearms Act 1920
The Firearms Act 1920 was partly driven by fears of a possible surge in crime from the large number of firearms available after World War I and also concerns of working-class riots in this period. "A law to amend laws relating to firearms and other weapons and ammunition", its main purpose is to enable the government to control foreign arms trade and fulfill its commitment to the Paris Arms Convention 1919. The ongoing Anglo-Irish war may was also a factor, since Britain and Ireland were at that time still united with one another at the time, and the Act also applies to Ireland. It takes anyone who wants to buy or own a firearm or ammunition to get a firearm certificate. The certificate, which lasts for three years, not only establishes firearms but also the amount of ammunition that can be bought or owned by the holder. The local police chief decides who gets the certificate and has the power to exclude anyone from "unusual habits" or "insanity," or anyone deemed "... for any reason not to be trusted with firearms". Applicants for the certificate must also convince the police that they have a strong reason to require a certificate. The law does not affect the fine arms, which are available for purchase without any documents. The penalty for violating the Act is a fine of up to Ã, Â £ 50 or "imprisonment with or without hard work for a period not exceeding three months", or both.
The individual's right to bind the previous weapon, in the words of the 1689 Bill of Rights, "as permitted by law". The 1920 Act makes this conditional on the Secretary of the House and the police. A series of Home Office directives are classified for the purpose of the head of the police which is a good reason to provide certificates. They initially included self-defense.
Since the 1920 Act did not prevent criminals from getting firearms illegally, in 1933 the Arms and Firearms (Crimes) Bill was submitted to Parliament. This increases the penalty for the use of weapons in crime and makes it a punishable offense for up to 14 years in prison for anyone to "attempt to exploit" any firearms or imitation weapons to withhold arrests. Ownership of real firearms or imitations is also made a breach unless the owner can show he has it for "legitimate objects".
Firearms Act 1937
The Firearms Act 1937 incorporated various modifications to the 1920 Act on the recommendation of the 1934 committee headed by Sir Archibald Bodkin. The resulting law raises the minimum age to buy firearms or air rifles from 14 to 17, extended controls for rifles and other fine arms with barrels shorter than 20 in (510 mm) (later lifted by the Arms Act 1968 to 24 at (610 mm), certificates transferred to machine guns for military surveillance, regulated arms dealers, and giving the police chief the power to augment the conditions of an individual Firearms Certificate.
In the same year, the Minister of Home Affairs ruled that self-defense was no longer an appropriate reason for filing a firearm certificate and directing the police to refuse the petition on the grounds that "firearms can not be considered as an appropriate means of protection and may be a source of danger".
Action Firearms 1968
The Firearms Act 1968 brings together all the legislation of firearms in a single law. Ignoring minor changes, it established the legal basis for British arms control policy until the 1988 Arms Act (Amendment) was passed through Parliament after the 1987 Hungerford massacre. For the first time, it introduced controls for long barrel rifles, in the form of Shotgun Certificates, such as Certificates Firearms, issued by regional police chiefs in England, Scotland, and Wales. While the Firearm Certificate applicants must show a good reason to have firearms or ammunition, it does not apply to Shotgun Certificates. Firearms should be locked, with ammunition stored and locked in different cabinets. It was introduced after the 1973 Green Paper, which advocated more control on firearms.
The law also prohibits the possession of firearms or ammunition by criminals who have been sentenced to imprisonment; those sentenced to three months to three years in prison are prohibited from owning firearms or ammunition for five years, while those sentenced to long-term punishment are prohibited for life. However, the app can be created to prevent the ban from being deleted.
The law is accompanied by amnesty; many older weapons were handed over to the police. This remains a feature of the British police which from time to time a brief firearm amnesty was announced.
The Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988
In the aftermath of the Hungerford massacre, Parliament passed the 1988 Arms Act (Amendment). Semi-automatic semi-automatic weapons and the limited-action pump, military weapons firing explosive ammunition, magazine short rifles, and improved pumping actions. and rifles that load themselves into the Forbidden category. Registration and safe storage of rifles held on the Shotgun Certificate becomes necessary, and rifles with more than 2 1 capacity come to require a Firearm Certificate. The law also introduces new restrictions on rifles. The rifle in the.22 rimfire and semi-automatic gun is unaffected.
Arms Act 1997 (Amendment)
After the Dunblane massacre, the government passed the Law of Arms (Amendment) 1997 and Firearms (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1997, which defines "short arms" as Part 5 of the Forbidden Weapon, which effectively prohibits the private ownership of a pistol almost fully. Exceptions to the ban include muzzle-loaded weapons, historic pistols of interest (such as pistols used in important crimes, rare prototypes, unusual serial numbers, weapons that make up part of the collection), weapons used to start sporting events, signal guns, a pistol that is of particular aesthetic interest (such as an ornate weapon or gem) and a firing gun for pest control. Under certain circumstances, an individual may be granted a PPW (Personal Protection Weapon) license. Even British Olympic shooters fell under this ban; shooters can only practice in Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, or outside the UK (in Switzerland, in practice). Prior to the 2012 London Olympics, the British shooting negotiated an agreement with the Headquarters to issue Section 5 Licenses for a limited number of elite athletes nominated, enabling them to keep a gun and train in Mainland UK in the nomination "Section 5 Range". This Agreement is renewed after the Olympics and Section 5 Permissions remain at issue for qualified members of GB Squad.
162,000 pistols and 700 tons of ammunition and related equipment were handed over by about 57,000 people - 0.1% of the population, or 1 out of every 960 people. At that time, the renewal cycle for FAC is five years, which means that it takes six years for a full deduction of valid certificates for large-caliber bans and 22 pistols (because certificates remain valid even if the holder has discarded all of their firearms). On December 31, 1996, before the large-caliber pistol ban, there were 133,600 FACs in question in England and Wales; until 31 December 1997 fell to 131.900. The following year, after a 0.22 gun ban, the number reached 131,900. On December 31, 2001, five years after the large-caliber ban, the number fell to 119,600 and 117,700 the following year. This represents a net reduction of 24,200 certificates. Comparable figures for Scotland showed a net 5,841 decline from 32,053 to 26,212 certificates, bringing the total net drop of GB 30,041. However, while the number of certificates in England and Wales rose annually after 2002 to stand at 126,400 on March 31, 2005 (due to changes in the reporting period), they in Scotland remain relatively static, standing at 26,538 as of December 31, 2005.
Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006
This action primarily impacts firearms laws by creating minimum penalties for multiple firearms offenses, regulating primary sales and provisions relating to artificial firearms. Starting April 6, 2007 the sale and transfer of new "air guns" by mail order ("by trade or business") into offenses (they may still be purchased directly), as well as the sale of primary, and realistic artificial firearms (RIF). The only exceptions are for the purposes of military re-enactment and history, media & amp; production of theater, paintballing and airsoft as a sport. This has influenced Airsoft in the United Kingdom by limiting the sale, import, and purchase of airsoft replicas to individuals entitled to special defense, e.g. members of an organized airsoft site that holds permitted activities with cover of third party liability insurance or re-enactors.
2012 Olympics
After the 2012 Olympics award to London, the government announced that a special dispensation would be granted to allow for various shooting events to be held, as it had been previously for the Commonwealth Games 2002. Further dispensation allowed foreign participants in shooting events to practice in the UK, illegal for original gun shooters to practice in England, Scotland or Wales.
Controversially, the event of shooting for the Olympics was held at a temporary facility at Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, at a cost of £ 42 million including subsequent demolition. Shooting sports agencies and some politicians argue that the money would be better spent on a lasting legacy to be gained by repairing and improving permanent facilities at the National Shooting Center at Bisley, which would cost a maximum Ã, Â £ 30 million.
Crime firearms
A Home Office study published in 2007 reported that gun crime in England and Wales remains a relatively rare event. Firearms (including air guns) were used in 21,521 registered crimes. It is said that injuries caused during a firearm attack are rare, with less than 3% offense resulting in serious or fatal injury.
In 2015 to March 2016 there were 8,399 registered violations involving firearms, detailed as follows.
With this kind of weapon:
- Long barreled shotgun = 261
- Sawn-off shotgun = 150
- Pistol = 2.157
- Gun = 48
- Imitation fireplace = 1.431
- Unknown firearms = 666
- Other firearms = 469
- Air gun = 3,217
Only goods that are proven "imitations" (which include a BB/soft air type) or air guns are classified as such, otherwise they are placed by default in the main "direct" category, e.g. an unproven imitation gun like that would be counted as a live "gun". "Other firearms" include CS gas (65 crimes), pepper spray (72), and stun guns (200).
By type of crime:
- Violence against the person:
-
- Murder = 27
- Murder attempt/GBH with intention = 579
- Others = 1,655
- Robbery = 1,551
- Theft = 113
- Criminal Damage = 2.449 (2.162 of which involves air guns)
- Other = 2025
Long-term trends in the use of firearms in crimes in England and Wales showed a consistent decline between 2003/04 and 2013/14 for non-air and air weapons, with a slight increase between 2014/15 and 2015/16:
The number of fatal firearms injuries in England and Wales by year is:
Mass killings and mass shootings
Britain has committed three massacres or mass shootings since 1980. The 1988 Hungerford Massacre, the 1996 Dunblane school massacre, and the Cumbria shootings of 2010. After Hungerford and Dunblane, firearms laws were changed, tightening firearms restrictions in Britain. United Kingdom Gun's legislation has been described by The Huffington Post as 'one of the hardest regimes in the world'. After Hungerford, the Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988 criminalizes semi-automatic semi-automatic weapons; was generally supported by the opposition Labor Party even though some Labor supporters considered it inadequate. After the second incident, the Firearms (Amendment) Act 1997 criminalizes the private ownership of most pistols having a caliber of more than 0.22; The Snowdrop campaign continued to press for a wider ban, and in 1997, the incoming Labor government introduced the Firearms Act (Amendment) (No. 2) passed. This extends this to most of the.22-caliber pistols, except for the antique pistol and the black powder revolver.
Hungerford Massacre
On August 19, 1987, 27-year-old Michael Ryan, armed with two semi-automatic rifles (a Type 56 fighter and M1 carbine), and a Beretta 92 gun, wore a combat uniform and went on around the town of Hungerford murder. 16 people, injured fifteen and shot himself, in what is known as the Hungerford massacre. Ryan's weapons collection has been legally licensed, according to Hungerford's Report.
Dunblane Massacre
On March 13, 1996, Thomas Hamilton, a 43-year-old former scout leader who was ousted by The Scout Association in 1974, shot sixteen children and their teacher, Gweneth Mayor, at the Dunblane Primary School with two Browning Hi-Power 9ÃÆ' â € "19mm gun and two Smith & amp; Wesson.357 Magnum revolver. He then shot himself. The four pistols used in the attack are legally owned. There were warnings for seventeen victims at the local cemetery and a cenotaph in the cathedral. Funds collected after the tragedy have been used to build a new community center for the city.
Personnel from the Police Firm License Office were not aware of Hamilton's expulsion by the Scout Association, nor were they aware of the allegations made against him about his bad behavior in the boys' summer camps he held, a charge that would reveal his bad character. This tragedy led to an increase in the division between police intelligence departments and deeper background checks of firearms certificate applicants.
Following the incident, the law was introduced in 1997 to prohibit, with some exceptionally special exceptions, "Small firearms" with adjustable lengths of less than 30 cm (12 inches) or total length less than 60 cm (24 inches).
Cumbria Shooting
On June 2, 2010, Derrick Bird, a 52-year-old taxi driver, shot and killed 12 people and injured 11 others while driving through Cumbria. He then shot himself. Birds are licensed firearms holders; the weapon is a 12 gauge double-barreled rifle and CZ 452-2E ZKM.22-caliber rifle.
See also
- The police use firearms in the United Kingdom
- (Police) Armed response vehicles
- Lobbying in the United Kingdom
- Army Investigation Officer
- Fireworks law in the United Kingdom
- The political gun
- Safe gun
Note
References
- Greenwood, Colin (1972). Arms Control: Study of Armed Crime and Armed Control in England and Wales . Routledge. ISBNÃ, 0-7100-7435-2.
- Malcolm, Joyce Lee (2002). Weapons and Violence: English Experience . Harvard University Press. ISBNÃ, 0-674-01608-4
- Waldren, Michael J. (2007). Armed Police, Police Using Firearms Since 1945 . English: Sutton. ISBNÃ, 0-7509-4637-7
- Utterley, Sandra (2006). Dunblane Unburied . BookPublishingWorld. ISBNÃ, 1905553056
Legislation
Relevant Parliamentary Actions
The information in the following references is released under Crown Rights by the Public Sector Information Office. This allows free reproduction in any format or medium provided it is reproduced accurately and is not used in a misleading context.
- Gun Barrel Proof Act 1868
- Firearms Act 1920
- Firearms Act 1934
- Firearms Act 1936
- Firearms Act 1937
- Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988 (c.45)
- Instrument Act 1989 No. 853 (C.23) - Statement of Arms (Amendment) 1988 (Commencement No. 2) Order 1989
- Instrument Act 1989 No. 854 - The 1989 Firearms Regulation
- Instrument Act 1989 No. 889 (S.90) - Regulation of Firearms (Scotland) 1989
- Firearms (Amendment) Act 1992 (c.31)
- Statutory Instrument 1992 No. 2823 - Regulation of Arms (Amendment) 1992
- Firearms (Amendment) Act 1994
- Instrument Statute 1994 No 2615 - Firearms (Variation of Costs) Order 1994
- Firearms (Amendment) Act 1997
- Firearms (Amendment) (No. 2) Act 1997
- Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 127 - Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988 (Firearms Consultation Committee) Order of 2002
- Firearms (Northern Ireland) Order No. 2004 7
- Draft of Instrument Law 2005 no. (N.I.) - Order of Arms (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) 2005
European Directive 2008
- The text of 2008/51/EC
External links
- British Photography and Conservation Association
- Investigating Team London Metropolitan Police
- The Practical Rifle Association
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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