A bogie ( BOH -ghee ) (in some senses called truck in English North America) is a chassis or framework that carries wheelset, attached to the vehicle, thus functioning as a modular sub-assembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transportation. A bogie may remain attached normally (as in many railway cars and semi-trailers) or can be removed quickly (such as a puppet on a carriage or a bogie train); it may contain a suspension in it (like most trains and bogies trucks do), or become solid and in turn suspended (because most vehicles are tracked bogies); it can be mounted on a swivel, such as traditionally on rail or locomotive carriages, auxiliary jolts and popping (as in the aircraft landing gear), or held in other ways (centralized bogies).
While bogie is the preferred spelling and the variant first listed in various dictionaries, bogey and bogy are also used.
Video Bogie
Train
A bogie in the UK, or truck trains , truck wheel , or just trucks in North America, is a structure beneath the railroad vehicle (wagon, trainer or locomotive) whose asus (and, hence, the wheel) is mounted through the bearings. In Indian language, bogie may also refer to the entire train carriage. In South Africa, the term bogie is often used to refer to goods or carts of goods (abbreviated from bogie wagon ).
The first British train gauge standard to build trainers with bogies, not rigidly installed axles, was the Midland Railway in 1874.
Destination
Bogies serves a number of purposes:
- Support rail vehicle agency
- Stability on straight and curved paths
- Increase vehicle quality by absorbing vibrations and minimize the impact of centrifugal force as the train runs round the corner at high speed
- Minimizes track irregularities and abrasion rails
Usually, two bogies are mounted on each carriage, cart or locomotive, one at each end. Other configurations are often used in articulated vehicles, which place bogies (often Jacobs bogies) under connections between hopper or carriage.
Most bogies have two axles, but some cars designed for heavy weights have more axle per bogie. Heavy duty cars may have more than two bogies using a bolsters range to equalize the load and connect the bogies to the car.
Typically, the carriage floor is at the top floor, but the car floor may be lower among bogies, such as for high-rise rail cars to add interior space whilst staying within the altitude limit, or in easy access, stepless-entry, low floor train.
Components
The main components of the bogie include:
- Bogie frame: This can be a frame type in which the main frame and bearings are between the wheels, or (more commonly) from the outer frame type where the main frame and pads are out of the wheel.
- Suspension to absorb shocks between the bogie frame and the rail vehicle body. Common types are coil springs and rubber airbags.
- At least one set of wheels, consisting of axle with bearings and wheels at each end.
- Guling, the main crossmember, is connected to the bogie frame via secondary suspension. The railway car is supported in the pivot point on a roll.
- The suspension of the axle box absorbs shocks between the axle bearings and the bogie frame. The axle suspension box usually consists of a spring between the bogie frame and axle bearings to allow for up and down motions, and a slider to prevent lateral movement. A more modern design uses a solid rubber spring.
- Brake equipment: Two main types used: brake shoes pressed against the tread of the wheel, and brake discs and pads.
- In powerful vehicles, some forms of transmission, usually electrically powered traction motors or hydraulic-powered torque converters.
The connection of the bogie with the rail vehicle allows a certain level of rotational motion around the vertical axis shaft (bolster), with side carrier preventing excessive movement. The more modern bolt bogie design eliminates these features, but utilizes the sideways movement of the suspension to allow rotational movement.
Example
Commonwealth bogie
The Commonwealth bogie is manufactured by the British Steel Company under license from the Commonwealth Steel Company in Illinois, USA. Equipped with SKF or Timken bearings, it was introduced in the late 1950s for all BR Mark 1 vehicles. It was a heavy, heavy cast steel design weighing about 6.5 tonnes long (6.6 t), with roller bearing sealed on the end of the axle, avoiding the need to keep the oil level of the axle box.
Leaf springs are replaced by coil springs (one per wheel) that run vertically rather than horizontally. The advanced design provides better driving quality than the BR1, which is rated for 100 mph (160 km/h).
The bogie side frames are usually of a bar construction, with simple horn guides attached, allowing the vertical movement of the axle box between them. The axle box has a steel reinforcement bar or rod that rests on them. The bar has two steel springs placed over it and a bogie frame resting on the springs. The effect is to allow the blade to act as a counterweight lever between two axles and use both springs to soften the shock of one of the axles. Bogoni has a conventional rolling suspension with a swing carrying a spring board.
B4 bogie
B4 bogie was introduced in 1963. It is a steel fabrication design compared to cast iron and lighter than Commonwealth, weighing 5 ton long (5.08 t; 5.60 ton short). It also has a speed rating of 100 mph (160 km/h).
The axle for the spring connection is once again equipped with roller bearings. However, now two coil springs than one are mounted per wheel.
Only a very small number of Mark 1 stocks equipped with a new B4 bogie are used on Mark 1 just to replace the BR1 bogies worn. But the British Rail Mark 2 trainer brings B4 bogies from the new one. The heavier-duty version, B5, is standard on South-Based EMU Area Mk1 from the 1960s onwards. Some of the Mark 1 catering cars have a mix of bogies - B5 under the end of the kitchen, and B4 under the seats. Some B4-pas Mark 2s, as well as many BB Mark 1 B4-are allowed to run at 110 miles per hour (180 km/h) with extra care, especially from wheel profiles, and more frequent inspections.
BT10 bogie
Bogie BT10 was introduced to British Rail Mark 3 trainer in the 1970s. Each wheel is separately connected to the bogie by a swing-arm shaft.
There is a double suspension:
- Main suspension through coil springs and dampers mounted on each axle
- Secondary suspension through two air springs mounted in the pivot, this is connected to the bogie by the pendulum link. The constant trainer height is maintained by the air valve.
Locomotive
Diesel and power supply
Most diesel locomotives and electric locomotives are carried with bogies. Used in the United States include AAR type A switcher, Blomberg B, HT-C truck and Flexicoil.
Steam
In steam locomotives, front and rear wheels can be mounted on bogies such as horse trucks or Bissel bogies. Articulated locomotives (eg, Fairlie locomotives, Garratt or Mallet) have power bogies similar to diesel and electric locomotives.
Rollbock
Rollbock is a special type of bogie that is inserted under the train/car wheel, usually to convert to other track gauges. The carrier carries the same concept to the level of a flat car that specifically picks up another car as its charge.
Archbar truck
Dalam kasus truk archbar atau bingkai bogies berlian, bingkai samping dibuat bukan cast.
Tramway
Modern
Tram bogies are much simpler in design because of their axle loads, and the tighter curves found on trams mean tram bogies almost never have more than two axles. In addition, some tram lines have steep and vertical gradients, as well as horizontal curves, which means tram bogies often need to rotate on the horizontal axis as well.
Some of the articulated trams have bogies located under articulation, a setting called the Jacobs bogie. Often, the low floor tram is equipped with a non-spinning bogie and many tram enthusiasts see this as a backward step, as it leads to more wear on the tracks and wheels and also significantly reduces the speed at which a tram can circle the curve.
Historic
In the past, many different types of bogies (trucks) have been used under the tramcar (eg Brill, Peckham, maximum traction). The maximum traction truck has one driving shaft with large wheels and one non-moving axle with smaller wheels. The bogie shaft is located outside the center, so more than half the weight depends on the driving shaft.
Hybrid system
The roof of the stadium can be opened at the Toronto Rogers Center using a modified train bemo on a circular rail. This system was chosen because of its proven reliability.
The rubber-tyred metro train uses a special version of the bogies train. Special flanged steel wheels are behind rubber-weary walking wheels, with additional horizontal guide wheels in front and behind the running wheels as well. The enormous flanges on the steel wheel guide the bogie through a standard railway switch, and in addition keep the train from derailing if the tire deflates.
Asar variable size
To overcome the fault gauges, some bogies are fitted with a variable gauge (VGA) so they can operate on two different measuring devices. This includes the SUW 2000 system from ZNTK Pozna?.
Cleminson System
The Cleminson system is not a true bogie, but serves the same purpose. It was based on a patent of 1883 by James Cleminson, and was once popular on a narrow stock exchange, for example, on the Isle of Man and Manx Northern Railways. Vehicles will have three axles and two outside can rotate to adapt to the curvature of the track. The pivot is controlled by a lever attached to the third shaft (center), which can be shifted sideways.
Maps Bogie
Traced vehicle
Some tanks and other traceable vehicles have bogies as external suspension components (see Suspension of armored combat vehicles). This type of bogie usually has two or more road wheels and several types of suspensions have emerged to smooth the ride across rough terrain. The Bogie suspension keeps most of their components outside the vehicle, saving internal space. Although vulnerable to antitank fires, they can often be repaired or replaced in the field.
An articulated Bogie
An articulated bogie is one of a number of bogie designs that allow railway equipment to turn safely around sharp corners, while reducing or eliminating "screams" typically associated with metal wheels that bend on the tracks. There are a number of such designs, and the term is also applied to the set of trains that incorporate articulation in the vehicle, as opposed to the bogies themselves.
If one considers a single bogie "close", it resembles a small train car with axle at both ends. The same effect that causes the bogies to rub against the rails on a longer radius causes each pair of wheels to rub against the rails and cause a shrinkage. The articulated Bogic adds a second pivot point between the two axles to allow them to rotate to the correct angle even in this case.
The articulated plate (tractor-trailer)
In trucking, the bogie is a sub-assembly of axles and wheels supporting semi-trailers, either permanently attached to the frame (as in a single trailer) or making a dummy that can be mounted and not ambushed as needed when riding a second or third semi-trailer (such as when pulling double or triple).
Bogie (airplane)
Picture gallery
See also
Articles about bogies and trucks
Related topics
References
Further reading
- Baur, Karl Gerhard (2006). Drehgestelle - Bogies . Freiburg i.B.: EK-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3-88255-147-1. (in German) (in English)
External links
- Definition of bogie dictionary in Wiktionary
- Ã, "Bogie". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica . 4 (issue 11). 1911.
- Truck (bogie) with tire
- Path Modeling
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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