Khudiram Bose (Bengali: ???????????? ) (aka Khudiram Bosu) (December 3, 1889 - August 11 1908 was an Indian Bengali revolutionary Khudiram along with Prafulla tried to kill the District Judge, Mr. Kingsford by throwing a bomb that blew up the train where Kingsford was supposed to be, but no Two British women were killed in the incident Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be caught by Police officer Khudiram was arrested and put on trial for the murder of two women and sentenced to death, when he was hanged, he was 18 years old, 8 months 8 days, making him one of the youngest revolutionaries in India Mahatma Gandhi disagreed with this violence and regretted the deaths of two women innocent. "He stated" that Indians People will not win freedom there through this method "
Video Khudiram Bose
Kehidupan awal
Khudiram Bose was born on December 3, 1889 in a small village called " Habibpur " located under the Keshpur Police Station in the Midnapore district of Bengal. His father was a Tehsildar in Nerajol . Khudiram is the fourth child in a family of three daughters. His parents, Trailokyanath Bose and Lakshmipriya Devi had two sons before the birth of Khudiram but both died prematurely. Following traditional beliefs and customs, the newborn child is symbolically sold to his sister in exchange for three handfuls of local food grains known as Khud in an effort to save her from death at an early age.. In this way he obtained the name Khudiram. He lost his mother when he was six years old. Her father died a year later. His brother Roy's apparatus took him to his home in Hatgachha village under the Daspur police station. Aparupa's husband, Amritalal Roy took her to the Tamluk High School in Hamilton.
In 1902 and 1903, when Sri Aurobindo and Sister Nivedita each visited Medinipur and held a series of public talks together with secret planning sessions with revolutionary groups; Khudiram is one of the teenage student communities in a vibrant city with a burning revolutionary inspiration. Apparently he joined Anushilan Samiti, and connected with the Barindra Kumar Ghosh network from Calcutta. He volunteered at the age of 15, and was arrested for distributing pamphlets against British rule in India. At the tender age of sixteen, Khudiram took part in the planting of bombs near the police stations and targeted government officials.
Maps Khudiram Bose
Revolutionary activity
In 1907, Barindra Kumar Ghosh arranged to send to Paris one of his colleagues under the name of Hem Chandra Kanungo (Hem Chandra Kanungo Das), who studied the art of bomb-making from Nicholas Safranski, a Russian revolutionary in exile in French Capital. Back to Bengal, Hem started working with Barin Ghosh again. With Fraser warned, a new target is chosen at Douglas Kingsford. Kingsford is the Chief Justice of the Alipore Presidency Court, and has overseen the courts of Bhupendranath Dutta and other editors of Jugantar , punishing them with intense prison sentences. Jugantar itself responded with a challenging editorial. Disobedience Jugantar saw him face five remaining prosecutions in the financial ruin in 1908. This prosecution brought more publicity, and helped disseminate the ideology of Anushilan Samiti revolutionary nationalism. Shukla Sanyal noted in 2014 that revolutionary terrorism as an ideology began winning support among the significant population in Bengal, secretly even if not open, Kingsford also gained fame among nationalists when he ordered the whipping of a Bengali young man by the name of Sushil Sen to participate in protests following the Jugantar trial . Therefore, during his tenure as Chief Justice of Calcutta Presidency, Kingsford became unpopular because of the harsh and harsh punishment of young political workers. He is also known for his physical punishment on the worker.
- Kingsford Assassination - first trial
The first attempt to kill Kingsford was in the form of a book bomb made by Hem. The empty can of Cadbury's cocoa is packed with a pound of picric acid and three detonators. It's packed into an empty section of Herbert Broom Comments on General Law and delivered in brown paper to Kingsford's house by a young revolutionary named Paresh Mallick. Kingsford puts an unopened package on his shelf to check it out later. In March 1908, fearing the safety of the judge, he was promoted to District Judge and transferred by the government to Muzaffarpur in the northern part of Bihar. With him gone his furniture, an unexploded library and book bomb made by Hem Chandra.
- Reconnaissance at Muzaffarpur
Anushilan Samiti survived in their attempt to kill Kingsford. In April, a two-man reconnaissance team visited Muzaffarpur, which included Prafulla Chaki. Upon their return, Hem provided a bomb to be used, consisting of 6 ounces of dynamite, a detonator and a black powder fuse. Prafulla returns to Muzaffarpur with a new boy, Khudiram Bose.
- Police get the scent
The police became suspicious of the activities of Aurobindo Ghosh, Barin Ghosh and their colleagues. The outline of these plans to try to take over the life of Kingsford is also known to the police of Calcutta, and commissioner F.L. Halliday has issued a warning to the Muzaffarpur police chief. Kingsford is thus alerted by the inspector, but ignores the warning. Four people are assigned to guard the house of the judge. Meanwhile, Khudiram adopted the name "Haren Sarkar", and Prafulla "Dinesh Chandra Roy", and they took up residence in a 'dharmashala' (free lodging, charity) run by one of Kishorimohan Bandopadhyay. Over the next few days they observed their daily routines, activities, and target movements, Kingsford, watching his timings in the courts, clubs and homes. On the night of April 29, Khudiram and Prafulla were in place to carry out their plans. Pretending to be schoolchildren, they observed the Muzaffarpur park, opposite the English club frequented by Kingsford. They were noticed by a policeman.
- The Kingsford killing attempt at Muzaffarpur
For three weeks, the two revolutionaries managed to conceal their identity and movement. The CID officers from Calcutta who followed them had returned with a letter from Armstrong, Muzaffarpur's police inspector that they had not arrived at Muzaffarpur at all, just six hours before they attacked. On the night of April 30, 1908, they returned and, being noticed by the same police officers, they hurried away. The duo moved away, then doubled, hiding in a tree with a bomb. Kingsford was playing the bridge that night at the club with his wife and the wife and daughter of Pringle Kennedy, a prominent petitioner Muzaffarpur Bar. Completed the final game at 8:30 pm, the group broke up to go home. Kingsford and his wife are on a train that is identical to and immediately behind carrying Pringles.
On April 30, 1908 at, 8-30 pm, Ny. And Miss Kennedy left Station Club in Muzaffarpur to drive home on a horse. Their train is similar to what the District Judge used, Mr. Kingsford. On the way home, the women had to take a right or west turn after leaving the Club grounds and passing in front of the complex of houses occupied by Mr. Kingsford. The night was dark. When the train reached the east gate of Mr. Kingsford, two men running towards him from opposite sides or south of the road where they have been hidden under the trees, and one of them throws a bomb or both throws a bomb into the train. A loud explosion followed and the horse raced by train. It stopped after a short distance and was brought back to Mr. Kingsford's house. The train body was later found to have been destroyed and both women suffered terrible wounds. Syce who had stood on the footboard at the rear of the carriage was picked up near the east gate that could not be hurt and hurt. Miss Kennedy died of her wounds in an hour. Mrs. Kennedy survived until the morning of May 2, when he also died of the wounds he suffered.
- Bids failed to qualify
Because the attack took place before 9 pm, at midnight the whole town was aware of the incident and was in a state of chaos. All the stations on the railway line had been occupied by armed police and the staff were instructed to supervise every passenger starting or falling. Meanwhile, Khudiram continued walking across the country instead of riding the train, and walked non-stop all night. After traveling nearly 25 miles, he reached exhaustion at a station called "Waini" (now known as Khudiram Bose Pusa Station or Pusa Road Station) on the morning of May 1, 1908. When he asked for a glass of water in the tea shop. , he was confronted by two armed police, Fateh Singh and Sheo Pershad Singh, who immediately suspected something when he saw his dusty legs (barefoot), and his tired and sweaty appearance. After a few questions, their suspicions became stronger, and they decided to hold Khudiram. Khudiram began to wrestle with the two men, and soon, one of the two hidden revolvers fell. Before Khudiram could use the others to shoot the cops, one of them held him from behind with a bear hug. Khudiram who is much younger and lighter has no chance to survive or escape. In the person found 37 rounds of ammunition, Rs. 30 cash, train maps and train schedule pages. The fate of Khudiram is sealed.
Meanwhile, after a similar long journey, Prafulla Chaki, too, was exhausted from hunger and thirst. On the same day, May 1, a local named Trigunacharan Ghosh, a civil servant, saw a boy coming toward him, completely exhausted at midday in the peak of summer. Meanwhile, news of the bombing also reached the area and the man could easily realize that he was one of the escaping revolutionaries. Being a British government employee, he can never do anything for his country on a personal level, but he thinks that if he can make a way for this child to save his life, he can at least have a clear conscience and make at least one small contribution to his country. He takes "Dinesh", namely Prafulla to his house, and lets him bathe, eat and rest. After he gave the boy some new clothes to wear, he arranged for the boy to return safely to Kolkata on the night train. But in such a smooth way, destiny plays a cruel trick against Prafulla, after that initial smile, with a shift and a drastic abandonment. After boarding the train from Samastipur, Prafulla had to descend on Mokamaghat, from which he intended to catch the train to Howrah. In the same compartment sit Nandalal Banerjee, a sub-inspector in the British police. He immediately began to suspect the young Bengali student. He came and started a conversation with the boy. After a few words from the unsuspecting young man, he realized that he was involved in the Muzaffarpur incident. When Prafulla, still unaware that his companion was a sub-inspector who had just set him up, went down to Shimuraighat station for a drink of water, the sub-inspector immediately sent a telegram to Muzaffarpur police station about his meeting, his suspicions, and his conversation. Instructions soon arrived to capture Prafulla. Prafulla completed the journey to Mokamaghat, and descended for a scheduled train ride to Howrah. Suddenly, he saw his traveling companion coming to him on purpose, with some cops. Prafulla tried to kill Nandalal Banerjee by firing at him, but to no avail. Determined not to end up in the hands of the Englishman, Prafulla tried to escape from a platform that struggled with his revolver and, until his last bullet, shot himself in the mouth.
On May 1, the cuffed Khudiram was taken from the station to Muzaffarpur. The whole city came down at the police station to see a teenager surrounded by an armed police team. Khudiram was taken to the home of the district judge, Mr. Woodman. The Englishman, The Statesman , wrote the following day, May 2, 1908:
The Railway Station is crowded to see the boy. A boy of 18 or 19, who looks very convinced. He came out of the first-class compartment and walked all the way to the phaeton, which was kept for him outside, like a cheerful little boy who did not recognize anxiety... while taking his seat, the boy excitedly shouted 'Vandemataram'.
Back at Muzaffarpur, Khudiram was made to give statements or statements to the judge. Woodman. He does not know yet that Prafulla is dead. To save his companion, and to protect his revolutionary mentor and their entire group, Khudiram takes full responsibility of the whole operation and loses his life solely to himself. It was only after Khudiram finished giving his statement that Prafulla's body was brought to Muzaffarpur for identification. Khudiram belatedly realized that trying to save Prafulla was a waste. Even after he confirmed the identity of his partner, and even after they had previously received the details of the meeting of Nandalal Banerjee with Prafulla aka "Dinesh's", the British, instead of believing Khudiram, thought it was more appropriate to cut off the head and send it to Kolkata for better confirmation.
Testing, punishment and execution
Historical session begins on May 21, 1908 at the palace. Corndoff, Judge and two Indians, Nathuni Prasad and Janak Prasad, were appointed jurors. Along with Khudiram, two others are on trial for helping the boys in their mission - Mrityunjay Chakraborty and Kishorimohan Bandopadhyay, who have accommodated Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki in dharmashala for their mission. Mrityunjay died during the trial, and then Kishorimohan's trail was separated from Khudiram.
Mr. Mannuk and Binodbihari Majumdar became prosecutors for the British government, while prominent lawyers Kalidas Basu, Upendranath Sen and Kshetranath Bandopadhyay took the defense of Khudiram. They then joined the trial by Kulkamal Sen, Nagendra Lal Lahiri and Satischandra Chakraborty - all of them fighting at no cost, fighting for their country.
On May 23rd, Khudiram reiterated his statement to endorse E.W. Bredhowd, denied any involvement or responsibility in any aspect or stage of all missions and operations until the bombing. At first Khudiram was not yet ready to sign this statement, but a long mark on persuasion from his lawyer. On June 13, the scheduled date for verdicts and sentences, judges and prosecutors received an anonymous warning letter, informing them that there was another bomb coming for them from Kolkata, which would later become Bihari, and then not Bengali , which will kill them. On the other hand, which makes defense lawyers more confident, that it is proof that there are other masterminds and executives of the Muzaffarpur bombing besides Khudiram, and that along with the age of Khudiram, should make the judge give punishment other than death. But to the disappointment of all, the Judge announced the death penalty for Khudiram.
Khudiram's immediate and spontaneous response was to smile. The judge, surprised, asked Khudiram if he understood the meaning of the sentence that had just been uttered. Khudiram replied that he must have it. When the judge asked again if he had anything to say, in front of the public, Khudiram replied with the same smile that if he could be given time, he could teach the judge the skill of making bombs. At that moment the judge was instructing the police to escort the boy out of the courtroom.
In accordance with the legal system, Kudiram has 7 days to appeal to the High Court. Khudiram refused to appeal. He was in a different mental field, and was fully prepared to accept his destiny. However, after some persuasion by his counselors - with the logic that if he receives a life sentence instead of hanging because of this appeal, he will live to serve his people once free and he will have his age by his side when that happens - - Khudiram finally agrees, in a separate way to go along with his defense team.
The High Court hearing took place on 8 July. Narendrakumar Basu comes to the defense of Khudiram, and concentrates all his legal skills and experience in this case to save the precious life of a boy who overnight becomes a wonder and hero for the whole country. He challenged court decision sessions by saying that judgments are not legal and flawed. He reasoned that under section 164 of the criminal law, the defendant was required to submit his statements before the first class judge (to Mr. Woodman) no, and more so as long as the first statement of Khudiram was not informed of the person's identity and position. Second, showing Basu, article 364 requires that all questions to the defendant be made in the same mother tongue, and all answers from the defendant in his mother tongue are documented verbatim in that language, but are done in English in the Khudiram Case. In addition, Khudiram's signature should be given to the statement on the same date and at the time of the statement before the judge, but in fact Khudiram was made to sign the next day, and in front of different people, who was an additional judge. Lastly, since such statements are by definition necessary to fully volunteer, with the judge convinced that it is so, there is no evidence that Khudiram was allowed to provide a voluntary statement without direct or indirect manipulation after his arrest. Finally Narendrakumar Basu says that Prafulla aka "Dinesh" (name used in court) is stronger than Khudiram, and he is a bomb expert between them, so it is very likely that the real bomb thrower is "Dinesh". Furthermore, Prafulla's suicide on the brink of arrest only strengthens the possibility of him being a real bomb thrower.
After the defense, it was announced by two British judges that the final verdict will be ratified on July 13, 1908.
Because Khudiram is the only one of two living, and therefore only the only statement of a two-man team that is the basis for the whole case, and since all points By Narendra Kumar Basu is believed to be technically correct, it is expected that, by law - the making Britain pride themselves infinitely - Khudiram's life would at least be spared. But on a historic day, the British judges, confirmed the punishment and punishment, and refused the appeal.
As a last resort, an appeal was made to the Governor-General to refuse the death sentence for Khudiram. But the call was rejected outright - Britain was afraid to fight back. Instead, the order came to impose the death penalty no later than August 11, 1908. Kolkata erupted in violent protests from the entire student community. The streets of Kolkata began to falter with the procession at the same time, for several days.
On August 11, the area around the prison became crowded with a crowd before 6 am - scheduled time. People holding bouquets filled the front row of the crowd. Upendranath Sen, a Bengali language spokeswoman for Bengalie, who is close to Khudiram, reportedly reached the place at 5 am in the car with all necessary arrangements and clothing. After being hung, a funeral procession passes through the city, with police guards holding the crowds along the central arterial road. People keep throwing their flowers on the body as the train passes by.
Amrita Bazar Patrika, one of the leading daily at the time, carried the hanging story the next day, on 12 August. Under the heading "Khudiram's End: Died cheerful and smiling" the newspaper wrote:
" Khudiram's execution took place at 6 am This morning he walked to the gallows strong and cheerful and even smiled when the hat was pulled over his head. "
An English newspaper was founded, The Empire, wrote:
" Khudiram Bose was executed this morning... Allegedly he climbed up the scaffold with his body erect.He was cheerful and smiling. "
The Kesari , the nationalist newspaper Marathi , was observed on May 26, 1908:
"Both the Jubilee murders of 1897, as well as the reported disruption of the Sikh regiments have generated so much commotion, and British public opinion seems inclined to regard the birth of the bomb in India at the most extraordinary event since the uprising in 1857.
Bengali poet Kazi Nazrul Islam wrote a poem to honor him.
Statements made by Khudiram Bose
In his own words, Khudiram made a statement (which was not dated) when detained, recorded by a special police branch, before he was hanged: I was naughty in my childhood. (But after I entered Midnapore Collegiate School), a change occurred.
Legacy
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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