The semi-automatic rifle is a semi-automatic pistol type, which means using the energy from the cartridge fired to rotate the firearm action and advance the next available cartridge to the position to shoot. One cartridge fired every time the semi-automatic gun trigger is pulled; The "separator" of the gun ensures this behavior.
Additional terms sometimes used as synonyms for semi-automatic pistols are automatic pistol , own loading pistol , autopistol , and automatic pistol .
A semi-automatic gun utilizes a one-shot energy to recharge the space for the next one shot. After the round is fired, the spent casing is removed and a new round of magazine is loaded into the chamber, allowing another shot to be fired once the trigger is pulled again. Most pistols use recoil operations to do this, but some pistols use blowback or gas operations.
Most types of semi-automatic pistols rely on removable magazines to store ammunition before being fired, usually inserted into the grasp.
Video Semi-automatic pistol
Operasi
The semi-automatic pistol uses a single fixed space in a linear position constant relative to the gun barrel. In contrast, although double action revolvers can also be fired semiotomatically, their rounds are not fired from one space, but fired from each space rotated linearly in the barrel position in turn just before each shot is fired.
Usually, the first round is manually loaded into the space by pulling back and releasing the slide mechanism. After the trigger is pulled and the round is fired, the pistol withdrawal operation automatically extracts and ejects the shell case and recharges the space. This mode of operation generally makes it possible to load faster and store more cartridges than a revolver.
Some modern semi-automatic pistols are double action (DA or DAO); ie, after round the chamber, each trigger pulls the hammer, attacker, or firing pin, and also releases the same to fire the cartridge in one continuous motion. Each pull of the trigger on the semi-automatic DAO pistol requires the same amount of pressure. Kel-Tec P-32 is an example of DAO action. The most common DAO semi-automatic gun is recommended only in smaller guns, self-defense, and hidden, than in a target gun or hunt. A notable exception is the Glock brand gun that optimizes predefined triggers (similar to DAO), but the striker is partially cocked back as the slide closes. This allows for trigger triggers that are significantly shorter than DAO. The trigger spring can be replaced with a lighter one and paired with a low-power sear connector that triggers a lightened trigger to improve the accuracy of the shooter (such as the G34 and G35 models).
Standard modern semi-automatic pistols are usually dual action (DA), sometimes also known as single action/single action (DA/SA). In this design, the hammer or striker can be locked thumb or activated by pulling the trigger while firing the first shot. The hammer or striker is contacted automatically during each shooting cycle. In a double-action pistol, the first pull of the trigger requires twice as much pressure from the next firing, because the first pull of the trigger also hits the hammer (if it has not been cocked by hand). The Beretta 92F/FS, a full-size pistol, service, semi-automatic is an example of this action style. Common mode for DA semi-automatic pistols is with full magazines, round booths, and pistols lined and dismantled with external security not installed or dead. The Taurus PT145 is an example of a weapon (DA/SA), as it has no decocker and thus has a prime striker from the dual moment and only enters the double-action mode if the round fails to fire the impact of the pin; at other times, it operates as a single-action attacker firing firearms.
In contrast, a one-action semi-automatic pistol (SA) should be cocked by the first operation of the slide or bolt, or, if the rotation is already chambered, by tilt the hammer manually. The famous Colt M1911 is an example of this action style. All SA semi-automatic pistols show this feature, and automatically chop the hammer when the first slide is "tapped" into the rotary room. A rotation can also be entered manually in a room with the slide locked back. Then the security can be applied.
Cocking Mode
The normal mode of carrying the semi-automatic SA pistol is condition 1, which is known as tilting and locking. Condition 1 (a term popularized by Colonel Jeff Cooper) refers to having a full magazine, round chamber, a fully tipped hammer, and thumb safety involved or on, at least for the right-handed user. For many actions, semi-automatic pistols, this procedure works well only for the right-handed user, because thumb safety lies on the left side of the gun and is easily accessible only to those holding the gun in the right hand.. Many modern SA semi-automatic pistols have their redesigned safety mechanisms to provide thumb safety on both sides of the gun (ambidextrous), so it better meets the needs of the left hand, as well as the right-handed user.
Many SA semi-automatic pistols have a hammer position known as "half-cocked". Squeezing the trigger will not fire the gun when it is in a half-tilted position, and will not drop the gun in this circumstance causing accidental discharges. During World War II at the Pacific Theater, unofficial carry mode and was not approved for SA M1911 by US soldiers left in battle carrying rifles full of magazines, round rooms, action in a half-tilted position, and thumb safety (accessible only to hand users right) positioned in off (or ready-to-turn) mode.
The main advantage of the half-cocked versus uncocked position in a given scenario is added to the sound suppression (click on the cocked weapon). The secondary advantage is to avoid accidental release if the gun accidentally falls. Half chicken was revised by Colt in the 1970s and then another producer - the hammer would fall from half the chicken if the trigger was drawn on the most recent 1911 type weapon.
Maps Semi-automatic pistol
Terminology
Automatic, semi-automatic, self loading languages, etc., often cause confusion due to differences in technical use between different countries and differences in popular usage. For example, the term "automatic pistol" technically refers to a machine gun capable of firing multiple twisting bursts for one trigger pull, although in US popular usage, it is also used as a synonym for semi-automatic pistols. In the case of pistols, 'automatic pistols', 'semi-automatic pistols', or 'self-loading guns', all usually imply semi-automatic pistols, self-loading, and fed magazines with removable magazines, resulting in one shot fired for each trigger pull. The term gun may refer to a gun in general, or it can be used to distinguish the (semi-automatic) gun from the revolver.
Technology
A self-loading pistol refills the space with new rotation automatically each time the weapon is fired, without additional action required by the user. For semi-automatic pistols, this is usually done with a reverse operation. In an engine gun, on the contrary, this can be achieved by blowback, or, more rarely, by gas operation, utilizing the gas produced when the gun is fired. Desert Eagle is a rare example of a semi-automatic pistol that sucks up some gases instead of relying on short countdown operations.
A revolver, which uses multiple spaces and a barrel, and derringer, which uses multiple rooms and several barrels, also fires one round per trigger pull, but achieves this in different ways and thus are not classified as semi-automatic.
Semi-automatic pistols will only fire one per trigger pull, in contrast to "automatic" or machine gun, which keeps burning as long as the trigger is held or until all the bullets are fired. Mauser M712 Schnellfeuer (German for "rapid fire"), modified Mauser C96 pistol, is a noteworthy example of a real machine gun.
While both types of weapons operate on the same principle, fully automatic weapons must be built more roughly to accommodate the heat and stress caused by rapid fire, and it can be difficult (and illegal in most countries) to turn a semi-automatic pistol into a fire mode fully automatic. A selective action gun, though, can be converted back and forth by means of a switch, and often includes burst mode, typically to blast three rounds with each trigger pull. Selective firearms are commonly used by special law enforcement and security personnel such as SWAT teams, hostage rescue teams, antiterrorist units, or government guards for heads of state. In the United States, firearms-selective are not available to civilians unless they live in a country that allows civil ownership of a National Firearm or a weapon Title II.
Action: blowback versus breech is locked
Self loading pistols can be divided into "blowback" and "locked breech" categories according to their operating principles. The principle of blowback operation is suitable for smaller, low-power caliber, such as.32 ACP and.380 ACP, since the resistance of the recoil spring and mass of the slide is sufficient to block the breech opening until the projectile has gone. barrel, and breech pressure have dropped to a safe level. For the stronger caliber such as the 9 mm (9 mm) and.45 ACP parabellum, some locked breech form is required to block the breech opening, since unlocked blowback pistols in this caliber require very heavy slides and rigid springs, making them large , heavy, and difficult to operate. A commercially successful blowback pistol design in the more powerful caliber produced; Spain Astra 400 in 9 mm Largo and Astra 600 are similar in 9 mm Parabellum. Hi-Point US producers also produce a series of blowback-operated pistols on multiple caliber, including 9 mm and.45 ACP. Almost all other caliber service pistols are a locked breech design.
History
After Hiram Maxim introduced the reverse engine gun back in 1883, some gun experts set out to apply the same principle to the gun, including Maxim. Maxim's design for smaller firearms using his backed-up ideas never goes into production. In the 1880s, other designers worked on self-loading designs. SchÃÆ'¶nberger-Laumann 1892 is the first semi-automatic pistol. The first model to gain commercial success was the Hugo Borchardt-designed C-93, designed in 1893 and made its public debut in 1894. Borchardt invented the C-93 mechanism, largely based on the principle of toggle-lock switching. The C-93 features an intelligent locking mechanism, modeled after the human knee joint, in which the mechanical joint is called the knee, or in German Kniegelenk (knee joint).
The C-93 proved to be mechanically reliable, but too large and large to receive widespread acceptance. Equipped with screw wood stock, the C-93 serves well in small pistol carbides. Borchardt also developed a 7.65 mm borchardt cartridge, in which the C-93 was built.
In 1896, Paul Mauser introduced his first model of the famous Mauser "Broomhandle" semi-automatic gun, the C96. It was also the first mass-produced and commercially successful pistol to have a large-capacity magazine staggered with 10 or 20 rounds.
Using a stronger and nearly identical version of the 7.63 mm caliber bottle from the Borchardt C-93 Pistol, Mauser was one of the first self-loading pistols used extensively in combat, especially the 1899-1902 South Africa War. The pistol was made at 7.63 mm Mauser, or 9 Ã- 25 mm Mauser, along with several models that were eventually made in Parabellum 9 mm and a small number in.45 ACP for China.
In 1898, the Schwarzlose 1898 Model was a semi-automatic pistol created by the Prussian gun designer Andreas Wilhelm Schwarzlose. It's booth for 7.65ÃÆ' â € "25mm Mauser. [1] It could also shoot the less powerful Borchardt ammunition. Schwarzlose's design was the most advanced and far ahead of its time, but it was not widely adopted with less than 1000 pieces produced. [2] [3] Small lots were sold to Boer and used during the Boer War. Many more were sold to members of the Russian Social-Democratic Party who planned the assassination, but were seized on the Russian border and issued to the Frontier Guard of the Russian Empire. [3] [4]
In Belgium in 1896, the first American arms designer to develop a self-loading semi-automatic pistol was John Browning, whose model was first produced by Belgian company Fabrique Nationale (FN) in Europe and later by Colt in the United States. the same time in Germany, Browning's first successful design was 7.65 mm, Browning M1900. Browning also designed a slightly different 7.65 mm Browning (.32 Auto) cartridge for its semi-automatic pistol different from Luger's 7.65 mm Parabellum. Browning also designed the.25,.38,.380, and.45 ACP cartridges in addition to.32 ACP for its semi-automatic pistol design.
Browning also created a locked breech action that is now commonly used by almost all heavy-caliber semi-automatic pistols, and designed the.45 ACP Colt M1911, which was adopted by the US military as a service gun in 1911. The 1911 model is still actively used with several Special Forces units US and Marine Corps.
Browning also designed with FN Browning Hi-Power, announced in 1922, during the last years of his life, worked on this design until his death in 1926. It was a 9mm semi-automatic Luger gun capable of holding 13 rounds (plus one chamber) in a magazine. The Savage 1907 Pistol 32 ACP featured a staggered 10-round magazine design column, and preceded the patent application of Browning, [6-28-1923, issued as US patent # 1,618,510, dated 22 February 1927] to a large one. -a 9 mm pistol capacity by about 18 years as the Savage was patented in 1905, Whether the staggered magazine featured in Savage 1905 was the focal point of an obscure patent. In a patent review of Browning dated February 22, 1927, as unambiguous as a staggered magazine that became the primary claim or claim that relied on the patent as issued. However, the existence of the magazine staggered in 1905 is indisputable, as many of these Savage pistols are produced and survived to this day. Browning could have come into contact with this concept during the 1911 military trials, as the version of the Savage design at.45 kal was also being considered along with Browning/Colt design.) The previous one-column magazine design is still in use today, however, especially for the semi- auto-concealment like the Kel-Tec P-32.
The next important design was Luger 7.65 mm by Georg Luger, who despite his success in his function, but failed to have sufficient stopping power and failed to win wide acceptance. In 1902, the next P08 and P08 of Luger within 9 mm of Parabellum overcame inadequate stopping power and featured excellent locking mechanism KC ("knee-joint" Borchardt-type Kniegelenk ("knee-joint"). Unlike Browning's locked breech design, the barrel in the Kniegelenk design does not go up and down when the gun is fired, thus theoretically improving the shooting accuracy. P.08 by Luger was adopted by the German military and served as their standard weapon in World War I. During World War II, Germany was the first country to adopt a double-action pistol, P38 Walther, which could be carried with a payload (with a chambered cartridge) and ready to shoot without the risk of accidental discharge if dropped. P38 also uses Luger's 9 mm Parabellum cartridge.
During World War II, revolvers were still expelled by great powers, but their use declined. Though the UK company Webley & amp; Scott had developed sufficient self-loading pistols, one of which was adopted by British police (usually unarmed) in 1911 and by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines before the First World War, the revolvers were generally favored by most British military. In the Soviet Union, the TT gun replaced the Nagant M1895 revolver during the war. In the United States, M1911A1 was adopted as a standard military weapon. Colt and Smith & amp; Wesson produces revolvers for the same ammunition.45 ACP ammunition is used in M1911A1, due to the huge demand for pistols and the need to adopt common cartridges for use in both semi-automatic and revolver pistols.
After World War II, most countries eventually adopted a 9 mm Parabellum caliber pistol that used Browning breech design for their standard military weapons. The most popular initial choice is FN Browning Hi-Power, which is the first high-capacity pistol; Another popular model is the Walungs P38 Sungsang which is locked due to its many safety features. In 2011, the US military commander was a variant of Beretta 92F/FS.
In 1971, Smith & amp; Wesson offers a safe, high-power double-action pistol, Model 59. CZ launched the CZ-75 in 1975. Beretta introduced the Beretta 92 as well in 1975. Glock introduced the innovative Glock 17 in 1982, and SIG Sauer introduced the model. P226 in 1983. Walther introduced P88 high-capacity in 1988. In the early 1990s, Heckler & amp; Koch combines what they consider to be the most desirable semi-autos attribute in the USP pistol. In 1995, Kel-Tec introduced their first compact 9 mm pistol, the Kel-Tec P11, which was designed to be concealed. In 1999, Kel-Tec introduced.32 ACP P-32 for hidden carry.
After the Second World War, the almost universal trend was for a semi-automatic pistol to replace revolvers for military use, although the transition had been slower in police and civilian use. In 2011, revolvers were mainly used in jurisdictions that allowed their use for civil defense, hunting, binding, and target practice. Semi-automatic pistols are by far the most popular to be concealed by civilians, the main pistol for police and military use, a backup weapon for police use, and where five or six common revolver shots are considered inadequate.
See also
- Assault weapons
- List of semi-automatic pistols
- Personal defense weapons
- Semi-automatic rifle
- Semi-automatic rifle
References
External links
- M1911.org - What happens when a gun is fired
- Ballistic By The Inch shows the relationship between the length of the barrel and the speed of the bullet for the gun.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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