The license of commercial drivers is the driver's license required to operate large or heavy vehicles.
Video Commercial driver's license
United States
In the United States, the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986 establishes minimum requirements that must be met when a country issues a CDL. This specifies the following license types:
- Class A CDL Driver. Driving vehicles weighing 26,001 pounds or larger, or a combination of vehicles weighing 26,001 pounds or larger when pulling trailers weighing more than 10,000 pounds. Carrying out a number of hazardous materials requiring warning plaques under the Public Safety Department regulations.
- A Class Driver License A. It is a preparatory step for Class A drivers to become Commercial Drivers.
- Class B CDL Driver. Class B is designed to carry 16 or more passengers (including driver) or more than 8 passengers (including driver) for compensation.
These include, but are not limited to, tow trucks, tractor trailers, and buses.
Pre-1986
Driving a commercial motor vehicle (CMV), which is primarily a tractor-trailer (or Longer Combined Vehicle (LCVs)), requires the necessary skills and advanced knowledge above and beyond that required to drive a car or other light vehicle. Prior to the implementation of the Commercial Driver License Program (CDL) in 1986, licensing requirements for driving larger vehicles and buses varied from state to state.
Many drivers operate motor vehicles that may not be trained or qualify for driving. This lack of training resulted in a large number of preventable deaths and traffic accidents.
1986 when the Act becomes law, all drivers have been required to have a CDL to drive Commercial Vehicles. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed testing standards for licensed drivers. US states may issue CDLs only after a written and practical test has been issued by the State or an approved testing facility.
After 1986
The driver requires a CDL if the vehicle meets one of the following definitions of Commercial Vehicle (CMV):
Class A: Any combination of vehicles which have a combined weight rating of gross or gross combination of 11,791 pounds or more (26,001 pounds or more) of whichever is greater, including the coupled unit (s) with a gross or gross vehicle weight rating of more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) whichever is greater.
Class B: Any vehicle with a gross or gross vehicle weight rating of 11,794 pounds or more (26,001 pounds or more), or any vehicle with an unauthorized vehicle with a gross or gross vehicle weight rating of not more than 4,536 kilograms (10,000 lb. ).
Class C: Any single vehicle, or combination of vehicles, which does not meet Class A or Class B definitions, but is designed to carry 16 or more passengers, including drivers, or transport material that has been designated as hazardous under 49 USC 5103 and must be marked- handle under sub-section F of 49 CFR Part 172 or transport any substance listed as an agent or toxin of choice in 42 CFR Part 73.
A country may also require a driver to have a CDL to operate a certain other vehicle legally. A licensed driver in New Jersey must have a CDL to drive a bus, limo or van legally used for hire, and is designed to carry 8 to 15 passengers. A licensed driver in New York must have a CDL to carry passengers legally on the school bus and other vehicles listed in Article 19-A of the Law on Vehicles and State Traffic. California-licensed drivers must have a CDL if their primary job is driving, whether they are actually driving a commercial vehicle or not. California defines commercial vehicles as vehicles that transport people or products. In addition, CDL ownership in California changed the threshold for Driving under the influence of quotes from 0.08% to 0.04% Blood Alcohol Content.
Prospective licensees must verify CDL requirements by referring to their country specific CDL Manual.
The minimum age to apply for CDL is usually 21, as required by the US Department of Transportation, although some countries allow drivers aged 18 to 20 to apply for CDLs that are only valid in the driver's country of residence. One CDL country only limits driving CMV in the holder country (not a non-commercial vehicle), and automatically converts to 50 CDL countries by age 21.
Support
Additional testing is required to obtain one of the following support on the CDL. This can only be obtained after the CDL has been issued to the driver:
- T Semi Double or Triple trailer (Written Test)
- Certain countries banned three trailers across the state, such as California, Florida, and New York
- A Class A license is required for T support
- P Passenger Vehicle (Written and Driving Test)
- School Buses S (Written and Driving Test, Background Check, Gender Offenders Checklist and P Support)
- N Truck Tank (Written Test)
- H Hazardous Materials (Written Test and Background Inspection through Transportation Security Administration)
- X Combination of Tanker and Hazardous Materials (Written Test)
- Truck W Tow. (Written Test)
T, P, S, N, H and X are Federal support. Other endorsements have been announced at the State level. yes. New York DMV requires "W" support to operate a tow truck in New York legally.
Training
Depending on your country, education requirements vary. Some states (Ohio) for example require 160 hours or classrooms and on-road training. Training can be obtained by completing quality CDL training programs through truck driving schools. This training program specializes in teaching potential truck drivers the skills and knowledge required to operate trucks properly and safely, including reading maps, planning trips, and complying with U.S. Department of Transport laws, as well as supporting, rotating, trailing trailers and driving roads. The overall objective of these training schools is to assist drivers who will pass CDL knowledge and skills as well as advanced driving techniques such as skid avoidance and recovery and other emergency measures for situations such as trailers and hydroplanings. These classes typically extend beyond the training normally received by non-commercial drivers, such as driver education provided in high school. There are a number of licensed CDL training schools throughout the United States and many trucking companies operate their own schools as well.
Test
Although each country may add additional restrictions, there are national requirements as follows. A prospective driver must pass a written test on road safety and tests on various parts of the truck with at least 30 questions on the test. To pass this knowledge test, the student driver must answer at least 80 percent of the questions correctly. To pass the driving skills test, the student driver must successfully perform a series of required driving maneuvers. A driving skills test should be conducted in a vehicle operated or expected to operate by the driver. For certain support, such as Air Brakes, a driving skill test should be performed in vehicles equipped with such equipment. You also need to show that you are really showing the characteristics of a conscious and fully operative driver. This does not exclude certain defects, but you must meet the standard requirements, which are required by the safety operator.
Entrepreneurs, training facilities, State, government departments, and private agencies may be allowed to manage knowledge and driving tests for the State. The test should be the same as that provided by the CDL issuing State and the instructor must meet the same professional certification as the State instructor.
States are required to inspect the test facility and evaluate the program by taking the actual test as if they tested the driver at least once a year, or by sampling the drivers tested by a third party and then comparing the tariff pass/fail.
In addition, a State agreement with a third party testing center should enable FMCSA and the State to conduct random inspections, inspections and audits without notice.
Medical certification
In 2014, the driver law in pursuit of CDL has been modified and requires DOT medical examiners to authorize someone with medical problems to be able to drive. Before the change, a private doctor can authorize the driver to get the CDL. Most CMV drivers have to prove that they are healthy enough to ride a truck safely. A valid medical certificate must be filled by a medical professional registered with the National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners at the end of an extensive physical examination, with a copy given to the State Bureau (or Department) of the Motor Vehicle compliance unit. Some examples of disruptions that disqualify the driver include the inability to hold the wheel or operate the foot pedal, insulin use, certain heart and respiratory problems, high blood pressure, epilepsy, severe psychiatric disorders, color blindness, poorly corrected eyesight (worse than 20/40 ), bilateral hearing loss, active alcoholism, and other conditions that significantly increase the risk of medical emergency behind the wheel. See Physical qualifications for the driver page of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
Not all medical providers can test and complete the medical certification form.
Contents
CDL should contain the following information:
(A) (1) A prominent statement that the license is a "commercial driver license" or "CDL," except as provided in Ã,§383.153 (b);
(a) (2) Full name, signature, and mailing address of the person who obtained the license;
(A) (3) Physical and other information to identify and describe the person including the date of birth (month, day, and year), sex, and height;
(a) (4) Driver's color photograph;
(a) (5) Driver's country driver's license number;
(a) (6) the name of the State which issues the license;
(A) (7) Issuance date and license expiration date;
(A) (8) A group or group of commercial motor vehicles whose drivers are permitted to operate, are shown as follows:
(A) (8) (i) A for Combination Vehicles;
(a) (8) (ii) B for Heavy Vehicle Weight; and
(A) (8) (iii) C for Small Vehicles.
(A) (9) Authentication (s) the driver has qualified, if any, is shown as follows:
(a) (9) (i) T for double/triple trailers;
(a) (9) (ii) P for passengers;
(A) (9) (iii) N for the tank vehicle;
(a) (9) (iv) H for hazardous materials (which includes most of all fireworks);
(a) (9) (v) X for the combination of tanker vehicles and support of hazardous materials;
(a) (9) (vi) S for school bus; and
(a) (9) (vii) At the discretion of the State, an additional code for additional grouping of verification, as long as each such policy code is fully described on the front or back of the CDL document.
(b) If the CDL is a non-resident CDL, it should contain a prominent statement that the license is a "commercial driving license" or "non-resident CDL". The word "non-resident" should be presented clearly and not erroneously, but may not be in accordance with the words "Commercial Driver License" or "CDL."
(C) If the State has issued the applicant air brake restrictions as specified in Ã,§383.95, such restrictions shall be indicated on the license.
Convictions
- Drive without a CDL, or suspend CDL, incur a civil penalty of up to US $ 2,500 or, in an aggravated case, a criminal penalty of up to a fine of US $ 5,000 and/or up to 90 days in jail.
An employer is also penalized up to US $ 10,000, if they consciously allow the driver to operate CMV without a valid CDL.
- Two or more serious traffic violations, including high speed, reckless driving, improper or uncertain path changes, vehicle follow-up too close, and traffic violations in connection with fatal traffic accidents, within a period of three year: suspension of 90 days to five years.
- One or more motor vehicle violations are declared to be non-functional within a period of 10 years: a one-year suspension.
- Driving under the influence of a controlled substance or alcohol, or leaving the crash site, or using CMV to commit a crime: a three-year suspension.
- One of the one-year offenses when operating CMV for hazardous substances or violations of both a year or three year offenses, or using CMV to commit a crime involving manufacturing, distributing or issuing controlled substances: suspension of life.
The State may reduce certain lifetime disqualifications to a minimum disqualification period of 10 years if the driver completes a driver rehabilitation program approved by the State. Not all countries do this: it is available in Idaho and New York State but not California or New Jersey.
If CDL holders are disqualified from CMV operations they may not issue "conditional" or "difficult" CDLs, but may continue to encourage non-commercial vehicles.
Any belief is reported to the country of origin of the driver and the Federal Highway Administration and this belief is treated equally with penalties for violations committed in the country of origin.
The Commercial Driver License program collects and stores all confidence the driver receives and sends this data to the country of origin so that any disqualification or suspension may be applied.
FHWA has formed 0.04% as the concentration level of alcohol in the blood (BAC) at or above that the CMV driver is considered to be driving under the influence of alcohol and its CDL loss. In addition, CMV operators found to have 'detectable BAC counts above 0,0%' will be excluded from service for at least 24 hours.
A driver must report any conviction of driving within 30 days, except parking, to their employer irrespective of the nature of the offense.
Employers should be notified if a driver's license is suspended, revoked, or canceled. Notice must be made by the end of the next business day after receiving notice of suspension, retraction, cancellation, lost privilege or disqualification.
Employers may not under any circumstances use a driver who has more than one license or whose license is suspended, revoked or canceled, or disqualified from driving. Violation of these terms may result in civil or criminal penalties.
Job prospects
The Bureau of Labor Statistics and additional publications identified future needs for more than 90,000 truckers in the United States over the next 10 years. To remedy the shortfall, full scholarships were awarded to military veterans at CDL-A schools and truck riders.
Maps Commercial driver's license
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom PCV License (PCV stands for Passenger Vehicle Passenger) allows the holder to drive a bus and/or minibus, subject to what type of Practical Driving Tests the licensee grants.
- Category C E Vehicles above 3500 kg with trailers over 750 kg also known as Normal Goods Vehicle max gross weight 44000 kg (97416 pounds): minimum age 21. 17 if in Armed Forces & amp; now 18 if you meet certain CPC related requirements
- Category D1 allows the holder to drive a vehicle with between nine and sixteen passenger seats with a trailer up to 750Ã, the maximum official mass kg.
- Category D1 E allows the holder to drive a vehicle with between nine and sixteen passenger seats with a trailer over 750Ã, the maximum official mass kg, provided that the maximum maximum mass of the trailer does not exceed the mass of the un-driven vehicle and the maximum maximum mass of both vehicles and trailers do not exceed 12 t (12000 kg).
- For example, a vehicle with an unbound mass of 2650 kg and a MAM of 4005 kg, with a MAM trailer of 2200 kg will provide a combined MAM of 6205 kg - but the Uneven Mass of the driven vehicle (2650 kg) is greater than MAM trailer (2200 kg) so acceptable. However, vehicles with irregular masses of 2650 kg and MAM 4005 kg, with a 2700 kg MAM trailer will provide a combined MAM of 6705 kg - but since the MAM of the trailer (2700 kg) exceeds the Unhealthy Weight of the driven vehicle (2650 kg), you will require a Category DE license to drive that vehicle.
- Category D allows the holder to drive a vehicle with more than eight passenger seats with a maximum trailer up to 750Ã, an official mass kg.
- Category D E allows the holder to drive a vehicle with more than eight passenger seats with a trailer over 750Ã, the maximum official mass kg.
More information on obtaining PCV License can be found on the PCV Licensing Training website
Australia
All places in Australia have similar driver SIM systems, although some things may change in every state or territory (such as what licensing classes are available).
Australian license class
- C Car: The 'Class C' license includes vehicles up to 4.5 tonnes of gross vehicle mass (GVM)
GVM is the vehicle's recommended maximum weight when loaded. The 'Class C' license allows the holder to drive cars, utilities, vans, some light trucks, motor-based motorized rickshaws, tractors and equipment such as grade children. You can also drive a vehicle that can accommodate up to 12 adults, including the driver.
- R Rider: A bike rider needs a 'Class R' license.
- LR Light Rigid: 'LR Class' includes a rigid vehicle with a GVM of more than 4.5 tons but no more than 8 tons. Any trailers that are withdrawn should be no more than 9 tons of GVM. This class also includes vehicles with up to 8 tons of GVM that carry more than 12 adults including drivers and vehicles in the 'C' class.
- MR Medium Rigid: 'MR Class' includes a rigid vehicle with 2 axles and a GVM of more than 8 tons. Any trailers that are withdrawn should be no more than 9 tons of GVM. This class also includes vehicles in the 'LR' class.
- HR Heavy Rigid: 'HR Class' includes a rigid vehicle with 3 or more axles and a GVM of more than 8 tons. Any trailers that are withdrawn should be no more than 9 tons of GVM. This class also includes articulated buses and vehicles in the 'MR' class.
- HC Heavy Combination: This license includes heavy-duty vehicles such as prime movers that attract semi-trailers, or rigid vehicles pulling trailers with GVM over 9 tons. This class also includes vehicles in the 'HR' class.
- MC Multi-Combination: This license includes multi-combination vehicles such as Road Trains and B-Double Vehicles. It also includes vehicles in the 'HC' class.
Medical standard
Medical standards for commercial vehicle drivers are set by the National Transportation Commission and AUSTROADS, and are set out in 'Assessing Fitness to Drive' (available on the AUSTROADS website).
For those who apply for the heavy vehicle license class MR (Medium Rigid), HR (Heavy Rigid), HC (Heavy Combination) or MC (Multi Combination), it is strongly recommended that applicants ensure they meet medical requirements before starting training or tests for heavy vehicle licenses.
Paying passengers
Motorists carrying paid passengers (such as school buses or coach tours) require an appropriate driver's license and a 'Public Passenger Vehicle Driver Authority' issued by the Ministry of Transport.
New Zealand
In New Zealand, driver licenses are controlled by NZ Transport Agency. There are six classes of motor vehicle licenses and nine license licenses. Class 1 regulates vehicles with GLW (dirty gross weight) or GCW (gross combined weight) of less than 6,000 kg, and Class 6 controls motorcycles. Classes 2-5 set heavy vehicles.
Class 2 License allows the holder to drive:
- rigid vehicle (including any tractor) with GLW over 6,000 kg but less than 18.001 kg
- any combination vehicle with GCW 12,000 kg or less
- any combination vehicle consisting of a rigid vehicle with GLW 18,000 kg or less attractive light trailer (GLW 3500 kg or less)
- a rigid vehicle with GLW over 18,000 kg that does not have more than two axes
- any vehicles covered in Class 1.
Class 3 allows the holder to drive:
- a combination vehicle with a GCW of more than 12,000 kg but less than 25,001 kg
- any vehicle covered in classes 1 and 2.
Class 4 allows the holder to drive:
- a rigid vehicle (including any tractor) with GLW over 18,000 kg
- any combination vehicle consisting of a rigid vehicle with GLW over 18,000 kg pulling light trailer (GLW of 3500 kg or less)
- vehicles covered in classes 1 and 2, but not Class 3.
Class 5 allows the holder to drive:
- any combination vehicle with GCW greater than 25,000 kg
- vehicles covered by classes 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Before obtaining a Class 2 license, a driver must be at least 18 years of age and has an unlimited Class 1 license for at least six months. Getting Class 5 is not dependent on holding Class 3. After the driver has Class 2 they can advance directly to Class 4 and Class 5. Any developments (2 to 3, 2 to 4, or 4 to 5) require holding unlimited license from the previous class for at least six months. For drivers aged 25 or over the minimum period for indefinite holding is reduced to three months, or exempt completely upon completion of approved courses.
Additional support for NZ driver licenses governs the provision of specialized commercial services. Support is:
- D - Dangerous Goods: transporting harmful substances. Must be updated every five years
- F - forklift operator
- I - Driver Instructor: Support "I" is assigned to certain License Classes, for example: 5-I
- O - Testing Officer: Encourages an assessor who tests someone before a given license class
- P - Passengers: Passenger transport paying rates (bus and taxi drivers, limo-to-rent drivers, and driver-a-driver services)
- R - Roller: Special vehicles equipped with rolls
- T - Tracks: Special vehicles with tracks
- V - Vehicle restoration: Operating tow truck
- W - Wheels: Special vehicles equipped with wheels, other than firewalls, buses, tractors, vehicle recovery vehicles, or merchandise vehicles.
The F, R, T and W endorsements are to operate a special type of vehicle on the road. Where the holders also have heavy vehicle licenses (Class 2 or Class 4), they are allowed to drive special heavy vehicles. Otherwise, the limit for Class 1 (6,000 kg) applies.
Obtaining I, O, P, and/or V authorization requires that applicants go through "fit and proper person" checks, to screen people with criminal convictions or serious driver offenses. This support is issued for one or five years, upon the applicant's choice at the time of purchase.
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, the Department of Transport is responsible for issuing a driver's license. Private light bus (grade 4), public bus (5th grade) bus, taxi (class 6), private bus (class 9), public bus (class 10), public bus franchise (class 17) ), heavy goods vehicles (class 19), articulated vehicles (class 20) and special purpose vehicles (class 21) are vehicles that require commercial driving license, while private cars (class 1), light goods (class 2) motorcycles (class 3), and three-wheeled motorcycles (class 22) are considered non-commercial vehicles.
To apply for a commercial driving license, the driver must: - aged 21 years and over; - have obtained a private car or a light vehicle driving license for a minimum of 3 years (2 years if converted from trial license) immediately before application; - be a permanent resident of Hong Kong or not subject to living conditions other than the stay limit; - has not been penalized for some serious driver violations specified in law within 5 years before application; and take the driving test of the vehicle class to be applied by the driver.
In Hong Kong, a driver's license is issued separately for each vehicle class and printed on a license, although passing a heavier vehicle driving test automatically gives the driver the right to apply for suitable light vehicles:
- 6 (Taxi) - Only written tests should be taken, including traffic rules, taxi regulations, and places.
- 4 (Private light bus), 5 (Public light bus) - Passenger vehicle with 8 to 16 seats. Driving tests for both are the same, but only a 4th class license (personal light bus) that can be applied after passing the test. To apply for a 5th class license (public bus), the driver must take an additional Pre-service Training Course for the Public Light Bus driver before submitting the application
- 9 (private bus), 10 (public bus) - passenger vehicle with 17 seats or more. The driving test for both is the same, and the 4th class license (private light bus) is issued automatically at the same time when applying class 9, 10 license after passing the test. Additionally, a 5th class license (public lighting bus) can be applied after taking an additional Pre-service Training Course for the Bus driver of the Public Lighter.
- 17 (Franchise public buses) - This is obtained through training within the franchise bus company, for example, Kowloon Motor Bus. The driving test requirements are the same as the public bus (class 10), and are only maintained with historical interest. A driver who passes the test on a franchise bus will be given grades 4, 9, 10 in addition to 17 and 5 after taking an additional Pre-service Training Course for the Public Bus driver, allowing him to drive public buses, while the driver holding the 10th grade license general) can also drive public bus franchises. Class 17 exists because the government must protect the interests of franchise bus companies, in the past, drivers trained by franchise bus companies can only get a 17th grade license, allowing him to drive public bus franchises but not with other public buses.. It has been relaxed in such a way that a rider who passes a test on a franchised public bus can get class 9, 10 in addition to class 17, and the original driver who holds class 17 without 9th grade, 10 can also apply it for free without taking the test.
- 18 (Medium freight vehicle) - Vehicles with maximum gross weight above 5.5 tons and not exceeding 24 tons. Class 2 licenses (light goods vehicles) are issued in addition to class 18 after passing the test.
- 19 (heavy goods vehicles) - Vehicles with a maximum gross weight above 24 tons. Class 2 License (light goods vehicle) and class 18 (medium vehicle) are issued in addition to class 19 after passing the test.
- 20 (Vehicle articulation) - The driver must obtain a full class 18 (medium vehicle carrier) license before registering. Class 19 License (heavy goods vehicle) is issued in addition to grade 20 after passing the test.
- 21 (Special purpose vehicles) - Includes road wash vehicles, darts, road maintenance vehicles, ice cream vehicles, etc. A driver must apply for approval from his company, and holds a full class 2 (light vehicle luggage), 18 (medium-sized vehicle) or 19 (heavy vehicle) licenses. Class 21 licenses must be used in conjunction with class 2, 18 or 19 licenses, allowing the driver to drive a specially targeted vehicle with a maximum gross vehicle weight up to the driver's license of the vehicle.
See also
- Commercial Driver Licensing Information System
- Truck classification
- Truck industry in the United States
- Owner-Owner Owner's Motor Association
References
External links
- Department of Transportation
- The Driver and the Vehicle License Agency
- Western Australia's Transport Vehicle Transportation and Service Department
- NZTA license information page
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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