passenger car (known as trainer or train in the UK, and also known as bogie in India) is part of a sled designed to transport passengers. The term passenger cars can also be linked to sleeping cars, luggage, feeding, railroad offices and prisoner transport cars.
In some countries, such as the UK, some training stocks (whether designed, converted or adapted) not to carry passengers are referred to as "NPCs" (non-passenger training stock); together with some maintenance (engineering) stock can be known as "MOW" - road maintenance - in the US.
Video Passenger car (rail)
History
19th century: First passenger car and initial development
Until about the end of the 19th century, most passenger cars were built of wood. The first passenger trains did not travel far, but they were able to carry more passengers for longer distances than the horse-drawn carriages.
When the train was first built in England, so was the first passenger car. One of the early trainers' designs was "Stanhope". It features a roof and a small hole in the floor for drainage when it rains, and has separate compartments for different travel classes. The only problem with this design is that the passengers are expected to stand for their entire journey. The first passenger car in the United States resembles stagecoaches. They are short, often less than 10 m (3 m) in length and have two axles.
The British railway has a head start on the American railroad, with the first "bed-train" (early bed car) built there as early as 1838 for use on London and the Birmingham Railway and Grand Junction Railway. Early English bed, while sleeping, extends the foot of the bed to the boot section at the end of the train. The cars were still too short to allow more than two or three beds positioned from end to end.
Royal Mail UK commissioned and built the first Post Office Travel car in the late 1840s as well. These cars look like coaches in short wheelbase and exterior design, but are equipped with a net on the side of the car to catch the mail bag as the train is moving. American RPOs, first appeared in the 1860s, also featured equipment for catching letters with speed, but the American design looked more like a big hook that would catch a mailing bag in its villain. When not in use, the hook will rotate toward the side of the car to prevent it from catching obstacles.
When locomotive technology developed in the mid-19th century, trains grew in length and weight. Passenger cars, especially in America, growing with them, first became longer with the addition of the second truck (one at each end), and wider as their suspension increased. Cars built for European use have side door compartments, while American car designs prefer what the so-called train trainers, a single long cabin with rows of seats, with doors located at the end of the car. Early American sleeping cars were not fragmented, but at the end of the 19th century they were. The sleeping compartment is then accessed from a side room that runs the length of the car, similar to European car designs until the 20th century.
Many American passenger trains, especially long-haul ones, include cars at the end of a wagon called an observation car. Until about 1930s, it has an open platform in the back, "observation platform". It evolved into a closed car, usually with a rounded end that is still called the "observation car". Interior car observations vary. Many have special chairs and tables.
The final platform of all passenger cars changed around the turn of the 20th century. Older cars have an open platform between cars. Passengers will enter and leave the car through a door at the end of the car that leads to a narrow platform. The steps on either side of the platform are used to ride or get off the train, and one might jump from one platform to another. Then the car has a closed platform called vestibules which along with the gangway connection allows passengers not only to enter and exit the protected carriage of the elements, but also to move more easily between cars with the same protection.
The car ate first appeared in the late 1870s and entered the 1880s. Until recently, the common practice was to stop eating in restaurants along the way (which led to the Harvey House chain of Fred Harvey restaurants in America). Initially, car dining was merely a place to serve the food taken on the way, but they soon evolved to include the galai where the food was prepared. The introduction of the vestibul car, which for the first time allows easy movement from car to car, aided by the adoption of dining cars, lounge cars, and other special cars.
1900-1950: Lighter material, new car type
In the 1920s, passenger cars on larger standard-size railways were typically between 60Ã, ft (18.3 m) and 70Ã, ft (21.3 m) in length. The cars are still pretty carved, many of which are built by experienced trainers and skilled carpenters. In the United States, so-called "car seats" with individual seats become common on long haul routes.
By the 1930s came the widespread use of stainless steel for carbodies. Passenger cars are generally much lighter now than their old cousins. The new "light" and streamline cars carry passengers in speed and comfort to the extent that has not been experienced to date. Aluminum and Cor-Ten steels are also used in lightweight car construction, but stainless steel is the preferred material for carbodies. Stainless steel cars can, and often do not, be painted except for car-reporting signs required by law.
In the late 1930s, railroads and car workshops made its debut with carbody and interior styles that could only be dreamed of before. In 1937, the Pullman Company delivered the first cars equipped with a bedroom - that is, the interior of the car divided into compartments, such as coaches that are still widely used throughout Europe. Pullman's washroom, however, was designed with one passerby in mind. Roomette features large picture windows, privacy door, single folding bed, washbasin and small toilet. The bedroom floor room was barely bigger than the space taken by the bed, but it allowed travelers to ride in luxury compared to the old multiprivate semiprivate places.
Now passenger cars are lighter, they are able to carry heavier loads, but the average passenger size that goes up in them does not increase to match the new capacity of the car. Average passenger cars can not be made wider or longer due to side leaks along the railway lines, but they can generally get higher as they are still lower than many freight cars and locomotives. Trains immediately began to build and buy dome and bevel cars to transport more passengers.
1950-present: _High-technology_advancements "> 1950-present: High tech advancements
Beginning in the 1950s, passenger travel markets declined in North America, despite growth in commuter trains. The private intercity passenger service in the US largely ended with the manufacture of Amtrak in 1971. Amtrak took control of equipment and stations from most US railroads with intercity services.
Higher leeway in North America allows for major advancements in the design of passenger cars, two-level commuter trainers (two levels) that can accommodate more passengers. These cars began to become common in the United States in the 1960s, and were adopted by Amtrak for Superliner designs as well as by many other railroads and manufacturers. In 2000, a two-tiered single-level car was used around the world.
While intercity passenger rail travels downhill in America, passengers continue to rise in other parts of the world. With the increase there is an increasing use of new technology on existing and new equipment. The Spanish company, Talgo, began experimenting in the 1940s with a technology that would allow the axle to steer into the curve, allowing the train to move around the curve at higher speeds. The steering wheel evolved into a mechanism that would also tilt the passenger car when it entered the curve to counter the centrifugal force experienced by the train, further increasing the speed on the existing path. Today, Talgo trains are used in many places in Europe and they also find homes in North America on short and medium range routes such as Eugene, Oregon, to Vancouver, British Columbia.
Another type of tilting train that sees widespread use throughout Europe is Pendolino. This train, built by Fiat Ferroviaria (now owned by Alstom), is in regular service in Italy, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, the Czech Republic, and the UK. By using tilting trains, trains can run passenger trains over the same path at higher speeds than can be done.
Amtrak continues to encourage the development of designed passenger equipment in the US despite market demand not supporting it, ordering a number of new passenger locomotives and car types in the 1980s and 1990s. However, in 2000 Amtrak went to European manufacturers for Amtrak Train Cascades (Talgo) and Acela Express, their main services. This train uses a new design and is made to operate as a coherent "trainsets".
High-speed trains consist of cars from a single manufacturer and usually of a uniform design (although cars eating on ICE have domes). In the 1960s and 1970s countries around the world began developing trains capable of traveling within the range of 150-200 mph, to match air travel. One of the first was the French TGV which entered service in 1981. In 2000, the major cities of Western Europe (London, Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam, Geneva, Berlin, Rome, etc.) were connected by high-speed rail services.
Often tilted and high-speed cars are left in "trains" throughout their services. For example, an articulated car can not be separated without special equipment because every car shares a truck. This gives the modern train a smooth and coherent appearance because all cars and often engines have the same design and paint scheme.
Heavyweight vs. lightweight
Heavyweight cars are cars that are physically heavier than light cars because of their construction. While the original car used wood construction, Pullman switched to heavyweight steel construction in 1910, roughly at the same time as other rail car manufacturers. The heavyweight is said to offer a more luxurious journey due to their extra mass (from the construction of steel plates and concrete floors) and, usually, six-wheeled trucks (bogies). The roof line stepped from the initial heavyweight usually consists of a central sill section (clerestory) extending from the length of the car and extended over the side of the roof by one foot. This roof section usually has a window or window that can be opened for ventilation when the train is moving. However, the crew of the train and passengers quickly discovered that when these windows were opened on passenger trains drawn by one or more steam locomotives, the smoke and soot from the locomotives tended to enter through the windows, especially as the train passed through the tunnel.
At the beginning of the 20th century, AC was added to heavyweights for the first time. An air-heavy heavyweight car can be seen easily because of the area where the roof vents are now closed, either partially or completely, by the air conditioning duct. When light cars were introduced, many heavyweights were converted into road service maintenance by their own railroad tracks.
Light passenger cars required developments in steel processing that were not available until the 1920s and 1930s. By building passenger cars from non-wood steel, manufacturers are able to build lighter cars with smooth or fluted sides and fine roof lines.
Steel cars were brought in at the beginning of the streamline era of the 1930s (though not all lightweight cars were downsized) and steels continue to be used since then. With the use of steel for the side of the car, the railway is able to offer a more innovative passenger car type. Trains do not build or use dome cars until the first lightweight car is introduced because the sides of the heavyweight are not strong enough to support the weight of the dome and its passengers. Light cars also allow trains to operate longer passenger trains; reduced car weight means more passengers can be carried in larger cars with the same locomotive. Cost savings in transport capacity coupled with increased car type options lead to rapid replacement of heavyweight cars with lightweight cars.
Maps Passenger car (rail)
Car type
Traditionally, passenger cars can be divided into several different types.
The most basic division is between cars that carry passengers and "head end" equipment. The latter is run as part of passenger train, but does not carry its own passengers. Traditionally they are placed among the locomotives and passenger cars transported, which are then named.
Some special types are variants or combinations of elements of the most basic types.
Also, the basic design of passenger cars is growing, with articulated units that have shared trucks, with double-decker designs, and with a "low floor" design where the loading area is so close to the ground and tucked in between trucks.
Types carrying passengers
Coach
Coaches are the most basic type of passenger cars, also sometimes referred to as "car seats".
There are two main variants.
In one variant, the "open" trainer has a central corridor; car interiors are often filled with row upon row seats like that on passenger planes. Other settings of the "open" type are also found, including chairs around tables, chairs facing windows (often found on bulk transit trains as they increase standing space for peak hours), and variations from all three. Seating arrangements are usually [2 2], while hard chairs in China have arrangements [3 2]. Seating arrangements and densities, as well as the absence or presence of other facilities depend on intended use - from mass transit systems to remote long-haul trains.
In another variant, the "closed" coach or "compartment" car has a side corridor to connect individual compartments along the train body, each with two rows of seats facing each other.
In both settings the luggage is stored on the shelf above the passenger seating area. The opening to the car is usually located at both ends of the train, often being a small alley - which in rail terms is called the front room. Earlier designs of UK coaching stocks have additional doors or doors along its length, some supportive compartment carriages.
The "Composite" coach is also known. It is a mixed-class car featuring seating and an open compartment. One such trainer is the Composite Corridor, which was introduced to British Rail in the 1950s; although such coaches existed early on before grouping, at the end of the 19th century.
In India normal carriages often have double-height seats, with benches, so that people can sit on top of each other (unlike bunk beds), in other countries the correct storied carriages become more common. Seats in most coaches until the mid-20th century are usually bench seats; the backs of these chairs can be adjusted, often with one hand, to face both directions so that the car does not need to be reversed for the return trip. The conductor would just walk down the aisle in the car, turning the chair back to prepare for the journey back. This arrangement is still used in some modern trains.
Car eating
A dining car (or restaurant) is used to serve food for the passengers. The interior can be separated with partitioned interior parts for a kitchen, which is off limits to passengers. A narrow aisle is left between the kitchen and one side of the wall for passengers to use. The rest of the interior is laid out with tables and chairs to look like a long and narrow restaurant diningroom. There are special personnel to do waitstaff and kitchen tasks.
Lounge
Car lounge with bar and public seating. They usually have benches, armchairs or large swivel chairs along the side of the car. They often have a small table for drinks, or maybe big enough to play cards. Some of the lounge cars include a small piano and are staffed by musicians who are contracted to entertain passengers.
These cars are often pulled up beside the dining car, and on a very long train beside one or more snack or car cafà ©  ©.
The car lounges are an important part of the passenger train attraction when compared to airplanes, buses and cars; there is more room for moving, socializing, eating and drinking, and nice scenery.
Observation
The observation car almost always operates as the last car on the passenger train, in US practice. The interior may include coach, lounge, restaurant or sleeping features. The main spotting feature is at the tail end of the car - some of the more modern US designs have car walls usually curled together to form large U shapes, and larger windows are mounted around the ends of cars; previous designs have a square edge with an open observation deck (stock preserved in South Africa, Oceania and many countries elsewhere) Before these cars were built with steel walls, the tip of the observations of heavyweights in the US and Canada resembled larger roofed porch areas installed at the end of the observations on these cars as well. At the end of this car, there is almost always a sitting room where passengers can enjoy the scenery as they watch the track quickly recede into the distance.
Sleep car
Often called "sleeping" or "Pullman cars" (after the main American carriers), these cars provide sleeping arrangements for passengers traveling at night. The initial model is divided into sections, where the coach seating is changed at night into semi-private docks. A more modern interior is usually partitioned into separate bedroom compartments for passengers. The beds are designed in such a way that they can be rolled or folded or converted into chairs for daytime use. Compartments vary in size; some big enough just for the bed, while others resemble apartment efficiency including bathroom.
In China, sleeping cars still serve as a major travel class in long-distance rail transport. The sleeping car classes include a hard sleeper (YW) with six bunks per compartment, soft sleeper (RW) usually with four beds.
End-of-head equipment
car trunk
Although passengers are generally not allowed to access the trunk of the car, they are included in a large number of passenger trains as regular equipment. The trunk of a car is a car that is usually placed between the power of the train motif and the rest of the passenger train. The car's interior is usually wide open and is used to carry passenger luggage. Car luggage is also sometimes assigned by freight companies to carry less loads of sacks (LCLs) along the passenger routes (Railway Express Agency is one such freight company). Some luggage cars include toilet facilities for the crew, so many luggage cars have doors to access them just like any other passenger car. The trunk of the car can be designed to look like the rest of the passenger car trains, or they can be used with high-speed trucks and steam train passengers and air connections. A special type of car boot is equipped with a door at one end to facilitate equipment transportation and great views for Broadway shows and other productions. These "theatrical" luggage cars are named theatically (ie Romeo and Juliet ), and are similar to "horse cars" used to transport race horses.
Express car
Express cars carry high-value transport on passengers. These cars resemble luggage cars, though in some cases specially equipped boxed cars or refrigerator cars are used.
Horse car
Special stock cars are used to transport horses and other high-value cattle as part of the passengers. Similar equipment is used in circus trains to transport their animals.
Captive car
In some countries, such as Russia, inmates are transported from court to prison or from one prison to another prison by train. In such transportation, the type of special trainer, prisoner car, is used. It contains several cell compartments with minimal interior and commodity, and a separate guard compartment. Usually transparent glass windows are not transparent to prevent prisoners from seeing outside and determining where they are, and windows usually also have bars to prevent escape. Unlike other passenger cars, prisoners do not have doors on the end of the cart.
Railway post
Like luggage cars, post office trains (RPOs, US terms) cars or travel post offices (TPO, English term) are inaccessible to paying passengers. The interiors of these cars are designed with a sorting facility that is often seen and used in conventional post offices around the world. The RPO is where the mail is sorted when the train is on its way. Because these cars carry letters, which often include valuables or cash and checks, RPO staff (employed by postal services and not trains) are the only carrier crews allowed to carry weapons. RPO cars are usually placed on passenger trains between the motive force of the train and the trunk car, which further hampers their access by passengers.
Custom types
Colonist Car
Colonial cars or emigrant cars are special sleeping cars designed to bring immigrants from seaports to settlements in western North America at the cheapest prices. They offer simple beds and cooking areas for immigrants expected to bring their own food and bedding.
Merge
Merger is a car that combines the features of the head and regular passenger cars. The most common combinations are coaches and luggage cars, but a combination of coach and post office cars is also common. Combinations are most commonly used on branch lines and short rail lines where there is insufficient traffic to justify a single destination car economically. When light cars begin to appear on the railroad tracks, passenger cars more often combine features of two or more types of cars in one car, and classic heavyweights incorporate unused downs.
Control car (cabin)
The control car (also known as the "driving trailer" in Europe and the UK) is a passenger car that allows the train to run upside down with the locomotive behind. This is common in commuter trains in the US, Canada and Europe. It can be important to serve small towns with no extensive switching facilities, dead ends, and have a fast turnaround when changing direction in commuting services.
Dome Car
Dome cars can include car lounge features, dining cars, and observation cars. In the United States, the main producer is The Budd Co. (Stainless Steel construction), The Pullman Co. (Steel Construction), and ACF (American Car & Aluminum Foundry). Some cars, usually in the middle, are split between two levels, with stairs leading up and down from the floor level of regular train passenger cars. The lower level of the dome usually consists of a small lounge area, while the top is usually a coach or sitting room in a glass "bubble" on the roof of the car. Budd Co. using a curved class, while the company's Pullman car uses flat panels of glass positioned at different angles above the roofline. Passengers at the top of the dome can look in any direction from a favorable point above the train roofline. In some dome cars, the lower part is built as a kitchen, where car officers use a dumbuner to move items between the kitchen and dining room in the dome section of the car (in the United States, Union Pacific, before Amtrak, is the main owner/user of the dome dining car. ').
Some dome cars are built with domes that extend over the entire length of the car ('full dome' cars), while others only have small observation bubbles. There is also a dome-built combination car that is meant to be the last car on the train, with rear observations and a dome at the top. The Dome's observation car comes at both ends of the round, and the final version is square. Union Pacific, in the United States, is the primary user of the square observation car, before Amtrak, although the Burlington Route has several rectangular cars from stainless steels.
Standing or bilevel launcher
As the construction of passenger cars increased to the point where dome cars were introduced, some passenger car manufacturers began building double-decker passenger cars for use in more densely populated areas or to carry more passengers over long distances while using fewer cars (such as Amtrak Superliner Cars). Cars used on passenger trains can combine the features of each type of basic car, while cars used in local commuter services are often the strict type of trainers at both levels.
Double decker coaches have been tried in the UK (SR Class 4DD) but the experiment did not work because the limited UK loading meter resulted in a narrow condition.
Car Drovers'
Drovers cars are used for long-haul trains in the western United States. The purpose of a drovers car is to accommodate cattle handlers on the way between farms and processing plants. They are usually shorter, older cars, and equipped with stove heaters, since no rail steam heater is provided.
Hospital car
Hospital trains operate throughout the world, using special carriages equipped as hospital wards, treatment rooms and full-scale theater operations.
Narragansett-style car cruise
Narragansett-style excursion car is an open passenger car with cross-sectional seats popularized by railroads in New England. Examples of the operation of these trains can now be found on the Disneyland Railroad in California and at the Walt Disney World Railroad in Florida. Similar trainers are also found on the Western River Railroad at Tokyo Disneyland.
Car transport captive
Many countries have historically used special rail cars to transport prisoners. This tradition is now extinct everywhere except for post-Soviet countries where special cars (sleep modification) continue to be used routinely for that purpose. The original Soviet prisoners' car and their respective procedures can be seen at The Guard and some other crime-related films.
Private car
Many cars were built by Pullman and other companies originally built or later converted for use as business and personal cars serving as "private jets" from early to mid 20th century. They are used by railroad officials and officials as a business car, and rich people for travel and entertainment. There are various configurations, but these cars generally have an observation platform and include a fully equipped kitchen, dining room, state spaces, secretarial space, observation room, and frequent chamber maids. A number of these private cars have survived for decades and some are used for tour trips, rentals for private events, etc. A small number of private cars (along with other types of passenger cars), have been upgraded to meet current Amtrak regulations, and can be hired by the owners for private trips attached to the Amtrak train.
The only current example in Britain is the British railway.
Sleeping
A "sleeping troop" is a railway passenger car that has been built to serve as something of a moving barracks (basically, a sleeping car) to transport enough troops to require overnight accommodation. This method allows some trips to be done overnight, reducing the amount of transit time required and improving travel efficiency. Kitchen Troop , paddle boats, also joined the composed to provide on-the-go food services (troops taking their food in their chairs or beds). The Hospital troop , also based on sleepbody troops sleep, hauls wounded soldiers and usually travels with solid rope on special trains with an average of fifteen cars each.
Car technology
Passenger cars are almost as old as building the rail itself, and its development is parallel to the freight car. The early two carriages gave way to the construction of two conventional trucks with a car floor rising on wheels; link and pin couplers give way to automatic type.
Some construction details marked the passenger equipment. Passenger trains are expected to run at a higher speed than the delivery service, and therefore passenger trucks evolve to allow for superior driving and better tracking at such speeds. Over time, in many cases provisions are made for passengers and train staff to move from car to car; therefore the platform and vestibul are further used to bridge the gap.
Several years later a number of changes to this basic form were introduced to allow for increased speed, convenience, and cost.
Articulation
Articulated passenger cars are becoming increasingly common in Europe and the United States. This means that passenger cars share trucks and that the passageway between them is more or less permanently installed. Cars are stored in "trains" and not parted during normal operation.
Articulated cars have a number of advantages. They save the number of wheels and trucks, reduce the cost and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the movement between cars is safer and easier than traditional designs. Finally, it is possible to implement a sloping scheme such as the Talgo design that allows the train to lean into the curve. The main drawback is the failure of one car to shut down the entire device, because individual cars can not easily enter and exit.
Low floor
In some countries (such as the US), platform levels may be below the floor level of passenger cars, resulting in significant steps from the platform level - leading to slower boarding time, which is important for high-capacity systems. The low-floor car has a main passenger and loading floor directly at the level with loading platform, instead of having a step into the traditional passenger compartment until about 1970's. This is achieved by installing low chassis with "low floor" under among trucks, rather than actually resting on top with simpler simple chassis design. The enhanced design is seen in many passenger cars today, especially the double decker car. The low floor allows easy access for bicycles, strollers, suitcases, wheelchairs and handicapped, which are not always comfortable or even possible with traditional passenger car designs.
In the United States, the Pennsylvania Railroad developed a car 'The Keystone' of 7 cars with an electric head mounted in the late 1950s. It's mostly used between New York City and Washington, DC. The dorms are at the normal platform level, at the end of the car, with the middle between the trucks lowered to give the car a lower center of gravity, and a higher speed capability.
Self-propelled passenger equipment
These vehicles usually carry motive power in each unit. Trams, light railways and subways have been widely built in urban areas around the world since the late 19th century. In 1900, electric-powered passengers were everywhere in the developed world, but they fell into decline after World War II, especially in the US. In 2000, they were re-popular and modern lines were being rebuilt where they had been torn. just 40 years earlier to make way for the car.
On railroad railways, powerful diesel cars (such as the Diesel Rail Budd Car) continue to be popular. In Germany, the new Talent design shows that diesel-powered passenger cars are still a viable part of the rail service. In the UK, locomotive-driven passenger trains have largely been replaced by several diesel units, such as the Bombardier Voyager family, even on express services.
Tilt
These cars can tilt to counter the effects of inertia when spinning, making travel more comfortable for passengers. Amtrak has adopted Talgo trainsets for Amtrak Cascades service in the Pacific Northwest. Other manufacturers are also implementing a skewed design. The British Rail Class 390 is a tilting train that operates in the UK.
Passenger car manufacturers
While some railroads, such as Milwaukee Road, prefer to build their own passenger cars, some railway manufacturers build the majority of passenger cars in revenue services. Most of these companies produce passenger and shipping equipment for trains. This is by no means a comprehensive list of all passenger car makers (see Miller list for a more complete list). Quite a few companies built passenger cars for years, but the majority of cars in the 20th century were built by these companies.
American Car and Foundry
American Car and Foundry was formed in 1899 through the incorporation of 13 small railroad car manufacturing companies (in much the same way as the American Locomotive Company was formed from the incorporation of a small eight-locomotive factory two years later in 1901). ACF built the world's first steel passenger car for the Interborough Rapid Transit in 1904, and then built the first steel car used on the London Underground the following year. The company continued to manufacture passenger equipment until 1959. ACF is still producing freight cars today.
Bombardier
Bombardier is the world's largest passenger car manufacturer. The company started in Canada and has become multi-national, making everything from passenger cars into commuter aircraft in factories around the world.
Budd Company
The Budd Company began in the early 1930s when Edward G. Budd developed a way to make carbodies of stainless steel. In 1932 he completed his first railcar, nicknamed Green Goose . It used rubber tires and stainless steel bodies, and was powered by engines out of Imperial Chrysler Budd's own car. Budd sold some of these early-powered cars to the Reading Railroad, Pennsylvania Railroad, and Texas and Pacific Railway. The following year, Ralph Budd, only a very long relationship, but the president of Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad at the time, came to Budd to build Pioneer Zephyr.
Budd was immediately summoned by another railroad president before the end of the decade. Samuel T. Bledsoe asks Budd to create a new lightweight car for the new passenger train Super Chief Santa Fe.
Budd continues to build powerful and powerless cars throughout the 20th century for almost every major train in North America. These included several Metroliners, for use between New York City and Washington, DC, as well as Amfleet I coaches, lounges, and cafà © ¨ cars in the early 1970s.
India
- Separate Trainer Factory, Chennai
- Factory Trainer Train, Raebareli
- Railway Coach Factory, Kapurthala
Kawasaki
Kawasaki Lincoln has been producing passenger car trains at its facility in Lincoln, Nebraska, since 2001. The Kawasaki Lincoln plant has produced rail cars for MBTA, NYCT, PATH, MNR with cars that have led the way with the industry's best MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures). Kawasaki Rail Car is the first American rail car manufacturer to achieve ISO-9002 certification of the International Organization for Standardization.
Pullman
The most famous of all car manufacturers is Pullman, which started as Pullman Palace Car Company founded by George Pullman in 1867. The Pullman Palace Car Company produced rail cars in the mid-19th century through the early decades of the 20th century during the railroad boom in the United States.
Pullman developed a sleeping car that brought his name to the 1980s.
In 1900, the Pullman Palace Car Company was reorganized as The Pullman Co. .
In 1924, Pullman Car & amp; Manufacturing Co. was organized from previous Pullman manufacturing departments to consolidate the car development interests of The Pullman Co.
In 1934, Pullman Car & amp; Manufacturing merged with Standard Steel Car Co. to form the Pullman Standard Car Manufacturing Company, which remained in the car manufacturing business until 1982. Pullman produced its last car for Amtrak in 1981. The last car built and delivered in late July 1981 was named George Mortimer Pullman to honor company founders.
Siemens
Siemens was established in 1847 in Berlin, Germany built conglomerate, Electrical and Industrial products, Radioactive Health system, rolling stock, etc. The Siemens "Viaggio" passenger car model is for all destinations in European railways: Viaggio Twin: double-deck trainers used at CitynightLine and regional trains ÃÆ' â € "BB CityShuttle; Viaggio Classic: Siemens original passenger car, similar to UIC Eurofima car, used in Germany, Greece, Czech Republic and Austria; Viaggio Light: New passenger trainer downstairs now used in Israel and Viaggio Comfort: New luxury articulation coach used on railroad ÃÆ'â € "BB and prototype lounge car Siemens Coach 2000.
Louis Car Company
Founded in April 1887, in the city of namesake, the St. Louis Car Company manufactures rail cars for tram lines (urban passenger trains) and steam rail. The company made a brief breakthrough to build cars and airplanes, but they are better known as birway producers and PCC streetcars that have seen worldwide usage. St. Louis Car Company closed in 1973.
Lighting, heating, air conditioning
The earliest forms of railway lighting are provided by Colza oil lamps. The next stage is gas lighting, using compressed gas stored in a cylinder under the trainer. Finally, electric lighting was introduced.
Early train trainers do not have heaters but passengers can hire warmers. It works on the same principle with modern sodium acetate heating pads. Then, steam heating is introduced, using steam supplies from steam locomotives. Steam heating continues into the era of diesel locomotives, with steam supplied by steam generators. Now, electric heaters are almost universal and air conditioning is also often provided. In the case of some diesel units, the trainers may be heated by exhaust heat from the engine, as in a car.
Capacitor
In a subway, tram or rail car, an isolator on the track switch can break the flow of electricity from the car for several meters along the lane and use large capacitors to store energy to drive the subway through the insulator in the power feed.
Fiction
Seri Kereta Api
- Annie and Clarabel are a pair of anthropomorphic wagons typically drawn by Thomas the Tank Engine.
See also
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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