The right to guard and bear arms (often referred to as the right to bear arms) is the right of the people to possess weapons (weapons ) for their own defense, as described in Aristotle's philosophical and political writings, Cicero, John Locke, Machiavelli, British Whigs, and others.
The inclusion of this right in the written constitution is uncommon. In 1875, 17 per cent of the constitution included the right to bear arms, however, since the beginning of the 20th century, "the proportions were less than 9 per cent and fell". In a historical survey and comparative analysis of the constitution since 1789, Tom Ginsburg and his colleagues "identified only 15 constitutions (in nine countries) that have included explicit rights to carry weapons." Almost all of these constitutions have existed in Latin America, and most have come from centuries the 19th ".
In general, where the modern constitution refers to weapons altogether, the aim is "to enable the government to regulate its use or to impose military service, not to grant the right to bear it". The constitution which historically guarantees the right to bear arms is from Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Liberia, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the United States. Almost all Latin American examples are modeled in the United States. Currently, of the nearly 200 constitutions in the world, three still include the right to bear arms: Guatemala, Mexico, and the United States; of the three, only the latter excluding explicit restrictions conditions.
Video Right to keep and bear arms
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Bill of Rights 1689 permits British Protestant citizens to "have Weapons for Their Defense in accordance with their Provisions and as permitted by Law" and limit the ability of the British Crown to have a permanent army or to intervene with the Protestant right to carry arms. "When the Armed and Dismissed Papists Contravene the Law" and stipulates that Parliament, not the Crown, can regulate the right to bear arms.
Sir William Blackstone wrote in the 18th century that the right to have additional weapons for "the natural right of resistance and self-preservation" is subject to compliance and allowance by law.
The term arm is derived from the Latin arma (plural neutral), meaning weapon and/or armor, and armare , which means complete. Originally used in the 1600s, this term refers to the process of equipping for war. This is usually used as a synonym for weapons. The use of these terms with respect to the right to defend and bear arms is based on the concept of the right to self-defense, property defense, and state defense.
In Ancient English, the (past form bÃÆ'Â|r ) means to bear, carry, produce or produce; to survive or survive; or used.
Since the early use of the term in the 1300s, arms have evolved and advanced. In the 17th century, firearms were relatively new devices for warfare or practical use such as hunting, and swords, spears, and other manual weapons more common until the 18th century. In the 19th and 20th centuries, firearms came to the forefront of the concept of the right to store and carry weapons.
There is no right to bear the firearms under international law, in particular there is no human right to defend itself and its meaning. Instead, countries are under an obligation to reasonably restrict access to firearms as part of their duty to protect the right to life.
Maps Right to keep and bear arms
America
Guatemala
The weapons rights in Guatemala have changed over time. In the current constitution, citizens have the right to own and use firearms in their homes, which can be canceled only by court order. Article 38 of the Guatemalan Constitution states as follows:
- The right to own a weapon for personal use, not prohibited by law, at the place of residence, is acknowledged. There shall be no obligation to deliver it, except in cases ordered by a competent judge The right to bear arms is recognized, [and] governed by law.
Mexico
Article 10 of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 states the following:
- Mexican Americans have the right to possess weapons in their domicile, for legitimate security and defense, except those prohibited by Federal Law and provided for the exclusive use of the Army, Militia, Air Force and National Guard. The federal law should provide in what cases, conditions, under what conditions and where the place of the population should be authorized to carry arms.
United States
In the United States, which has a tradition of British common law, the old right to defend and bear arms is recognized before the formation of a written national constitution. Today, the right is reserved specifically by the US Constitution and many state constitutions, which grant the right to possess weapons for individual use and to assume this same weapon for both personal protection and for use in the militia. The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States reads:
Well-regulated militia, necessary for the security of a free country, the right of the people to guard and carry arms, will not be violated.
Criminals sentenced to death, people convicted of mental illness, and some others are banned from firearms and ammunition in the United States. In most countries, residents can carry pistols or other weapons in public in a way that is hidden or open to someone or nearby, but it is limited by several states and many cities. Some jurisdictions require permission to carry hidden items, but most jurisdictions do not require permission to bring open, if permitted. Some states and regions require a license to own or purchase weapons and ammunition, as detailed in the summary of weapons laws in the United States. Other countries do not need such formalities. States and cities vary on whether they permit the possession and use of weapons (such as automatic weapons) that are lawfully registered and taxed by the NFA.
The earliest legal words can be found in the Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1776. After the American Revolution, one of the first legislative acts undertaken by each newly independent state was to adopt a law of acceptance which had a legal effect on existing UK legal entities American law or the Constitution does not explicitly reject it. Many traditions of British law, such as the right to store and carry weapons, habeas corpus, jury trials, and other civil liberties, are mentioned in the US Constitution. The significant principles of the general law of England before 1776 remained in force in many jurisdictions in the United States. The English common law is still a decision rule, unless it is contrary to the US Constitution, state constitution, or state congress or state legislative act, in every state except Louisiana.
Europe
United Kingdom
The right to defend and bear arms is not legally or constitutionally protected in the UK. Most hand-held, automatic, and centerfire semi-automatic weapons are illegal to own without special proviso.
The English Bill of Rights 1689 allows Protestants the right to bear arms in law. The first serious control of firearms was established with the passage of the 1920 Firearms Law. Since the passing of arms control laws, the UK has one of the lowest firearm death rates among developed countries, with 0.2 deaths per 100,000, compared to 10, 2 in WE
Since 1953, it has been a criminal offense in England to carry a knife (with the exception of a non-locking knife with a 3 inch (7.62 cm) knife or less) or any "offensive weapon" in the public. place without legitimate authority or a reasonable reason.
Switzerland
Switzerland has the legal right to bear arms under Article 3 of the Arms Act of 1997. Switzerland practices universal military service, which requires all well-built male citizens to keep automatic firearms at home if there is a call. Every man between the ages of 20 and 34 is regarded as a conscripted candidate, and after a short period of active duty will usually be registered in the militia until the age or inability to serve terminate his obligations. As of December 2009, these men were required to keep selective combat weapons and semi-automatic weapons they agreed upon in their homes as long as they were registered in the armed forces. Since January 2010, they have the option to store their personal weapons in government warehouses. Until September 2007, the army received 50 rounds of ammunition issued by the government in a sealed box for storage at home; after 2007 only about 2,000 special forces were allowed to store ammunition at home.
Switzerland is thought to have one of the highest levels of private weapons possession in the world. Despite having a low overall crime rate by European standards, it has one of the highest weapons suicide rates in Europe. However, it also has one of the lowest murder rates in the world, much lower than the European average. The rate of gun killings is in the midst of Western European countries.
Swiss weapons laws are considered restrictive. Owners are legally responsible for third party access and use of their weapons. The licensing procedures are similar to those in other German states. In a referendum in February 2011, voters rejected citizen initiatives that would require members of the armed forces to keep their rifles and pistols on military compounds and require that privately owned weapons be registered.
Violence of weapons and political rights to bear weapons
Legal restrictions on the right to keep and carry weapons are usually done by legislators because they believe they will reduce armed violence. Their actions are often the result of grassroots pressure for such control. The Brady, Snowdrop and Million Mom March campaigns are an example of a recent campaign calling for strict restrictions on the right to defend and carry weapons.
Accident statistics are difficult to obtain, but much data is available on issues of gun ownership and weapon-related deaths. The United Nations Inter - national Crimes and Crime Research Institute (UNICRI) has made comparisons between countries with different weapons possession levels and investigates the correlation between the level of gun ownership and weapons killings, and between weapons possession and weapons ownership levels. A strong correlation is seen in both.
During the International Criminal Survey of 1989 and 1992, data on arms ownership in eighteen countries have been collected, where WHO data on suicides and murders committed with weapons and other means are also available. The results presented in an earlier paper based on the fourteen countries surveyed during the first ICS and rank correlation (Spearman rho), suggest that gun ownership may increase suicide and murder using firearms, while it can not reduce suicide and murder in other ways. In this analysis, four additional countries covered by ICS 1992 have only been included, and Pearson's correlation coefficient has been used. The results confirm that presented in previous studies.
UNICRI is also investigating the relationship between the degree of possession of weapons and other forms of murder or suicide to determine whether high arms possession adds or simply replaces other forms of murder or suicide. They reported that "widespread possession of weapons has not been found to reduce the likelihood of fatal events being carried out in other ways, so people do not switch to knives and other potentially lethal instruments less frequently when more weapons are available, but more weapons are usually means more suicide and murder victims. "Speculating about the possible causes of the researchers concludes that" all we know is that guns do not reduce fatalities by other means, but that they go along with more shootings. "Although we do not know why exactly this is so, we have good reason, to suspect the weapon played a fatal role - in this case ".
Researchers reported that weapons were the leading cause of killings in 3 of the 14 countries studied; Northern Ireland, Italy, and the United States. Although the data seems to indicate that reducing the availability of one significant type of weapon - firearms - leading to a reduction in both gun crime and suicide weapons and in overall crime and suicide as a whole, the authors are indeed cautious that "reducing the amount of weapons in hand private citizens can be a hopeless task beyond a certain point ", citing an American example.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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